{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F","short_pith_number":"pith:LQCMN7OP","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"5c04c6fdcfcebd760b49be2183b9f3f1760df2e8e17812b24b22b8253af6c9d2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2608.11146","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Abigail Oppong, Abubakar Juma Chilala, Alfred Malengo Kondoro, Esmael Ahmed Abdu, Idris Abdulmumin, Jessica Oparebea, Lemofouet Valdini Douglace, Maryam Ibrahim Mukhtar, Nicholaus Dismas Ladislaus, P Sam Sahil, Saminu Mohammad Aliyu, Seid Muhie Yimam, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, Tadesse Destaw Belay, Tassallah Abdullahi","submitted_at":"2026-08-11T17:05:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is largely developed in English, assuming these safeguards generalize across multilingual settings. However, this assumption remains underexplored and exposes a vulnerability in low-resource languages. We investigate cross-lingual safety transfer in four African languages, Twi, Hausa, Amharic, and Swahili, using LoDNA, a new safety dataset that pairs literal translations with culturally localized prompts. To move beyond generation-based evaluation, we propose a latent geometric framework that probes hidden-state refusal representations in LLMs. "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-08-11T17:05:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ca8bb10c62fd1ad4c3b39ae316d75fe40eef665b46e50cff1de483f91417582e","abstract_canon_sha256":"a68ae30a24dda5f1c44ea00f41aa982f52232d7f3aa53886c972093582302442"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.655125Z","signature_b64":"LB+KJbiSbP0W9DL/CNKqLqtU1ONrh1sVx7T4BXLY4EweTaFIQ93TRoRf8iSjA2gsKYJediibw5xXGgIbhRN2AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5c04c6fdcfcebd760b49be2183b9f3f1760df2e8e17812b24b22b8253af6c9d2","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.653599Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.653599Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Illusion of Cross-Lingual Safety in Low-Resource Languages","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Abigail Oppong, Abubakar Juma Chilala, Alfred Malengo Kondoro, Esmael Ahmed Abdu, Idris Abdulmumin, Jessica Oparebea, Lemofouet Valdini Douglace, Maryam Ibrahim Mukhtar, Nicholaus Dismas Ladislaus, P Sam Sahil, Saminu Mohammad Aliyu, Seid Muhie Yimam, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, Tadesse Destaw Belay, Tassallah Abdullahi","submitted_at":"2026-08-11T17:05:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is largely developed in English, assuming these safeguards generalize across multilingual settings. However, this assumption remains underexplored and exposes a vulnerability in low-resource languages. We investigate cross-lingual safety transfer in four African languages, Twi, Hausa, Amharic, and Swahili, using LoDNA, a new safety dataset that pairs literal translations with culturally localized prompts. To move beyond generation-based evaluation, we propose a latent geometric framework that probes hidden-state refusal representations in LLMs. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2608.11146/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.11146","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.11146v1","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.11146","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LQCMN7OPZ26X","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2J","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LQCMN7OP","created_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F","json":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LQCMN7OP"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LQCMN7OP","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2608.11146&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/LQCMN7OPZ26XMC2JXYQYHOPT6F/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00","updated_at":"2026-08-12T01:24:41.657430+00:00"}