{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2014:LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q","short_pith_number":"pith:LR2VAYYS","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"5c755063126f02d95708661dcf8aaefc3ed46d90d0bc26bbc698e86a19920263","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1401.4661","version":4},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Significance level and positivity bias as causes for high rate of non-reproducible scientific results?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Jean-Christophe Mourrat","submitted_at":"2014-01-19T12:23:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The high fraction of published results that turn out to be incorrect is a major concern of today's science. This paper contributes to the understanding of this problem in two independent directions. First, Johnson's recent claim that hypothesis testing with a significance level of 0.05 can alone lead to an unacceptably large proportion of false positives among all results is shown to be unfounded. Second, a way to quantify the effect of \"positivity bias\" (the tendency to consider only positive results as worthwhile) is introduced. We estimate the proportion of false positives among positive re"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.4661","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2014-01-19T12:23:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"528afc332433b50298d33276d87c2a50c238c603459508402ea1f54fc4f4c7c1","abstract_canon_sha256":"e00b98d54d4d231226e3fe287013d074359c353b5c242c95ec440422e63b7dba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.755640Z","signature_b64":"y+7ckZpcPv1mkZ4DiCJIi0dNQNRlX9UGXZpGkWRqXhuc0RqNGkXkBf9mCxxSEf6Gg25n9NVsmq1DrhQcZgk2Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5c755063126f02d95708661dcf8aaefc3ed46d90d0bc26bbc698e86a19920263","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.754938Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.754938Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Significance level and positivity bias as causes for high rate of non-reproducible scientific results?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Jean-Christophe Mourrat","submitted_at":"2014-01-19T12:23:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The high fraction of published results that turn out to be incorrect is a major concern of today's science. This paper contributes to the understanding of this problem in two independent directions. First, Johnson's recent claim that hypothesis testing with a significance level of 0.05 can alone lead to an unacceptably large proportion of false positives among all results is shown to be unfounded. Second, a way to quantify the effect of \"positivity bias\" (the tendency to consider only positive results as worthwhile) is introduced. We estimate the proportion of false positives among positive re"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.4661","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.4661","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.755046+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.4661v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.755046+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.4661","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.755046+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LR2VAYYSN4BN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:38.356838+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:38.356838+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LR2VAYYS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:38.356838+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q","json":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LR2VAYYS"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LR2VAYYS","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1401.4661&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/LR2VAYYSN4BNSVYIMYO47CVO7Q/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.755046+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:38:29.755046+00:00"}