{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2022:LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE","short_pith_number":"pith:LTYTSIAL","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"5cf139200bb49fbaadd47331043c80a10bd1e881d1edd1a6b532b7322ae88455","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.13156","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Four-fermion deformations of the massless Schwinger model and confinement","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Aleksey Cherman, Arkady Vainshtein, Mikhail Shifman, Mithat Unsal, Theodore Jacobson","submitted_at":"2022-03-24T16:24:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the massless charge-$N$ Schwinger model and its deformation with two four-fermion operators. Without the deformations, this model exhibits chiral symmetry breaking without confinement. It is usually asserted that the massless Schwinger model is always deconfined and a string tension emerges only when a mass for the fermion field is turned on. We show that in the presence of these four-fermion operators, the massless theory can in fact confine. One of the four-fermion deformations is chirally neutral, and is a marginal deformation. The other operator can be relevant or irrelevant, a"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.13156","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2022-03-24T16:24:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9088417642fc2ead66369ea16f167ac46742c470c2a827d0099a43b1a1fdd082","abstract_canon_sha256":"749ef134bc6bc0896db165fd62daf8f3e3adfbcc20212a8dba66d3f511df07db"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476729Z","signature_b64":"PCY2BKAal/pZ0Uz9yK+xgbUjAjw5G9PObYpTdXUeVvMYcjCcoCy5UVR5RdbUJoDoha+2fcfLCKyAMg9nV5hrCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5cf139200bb49fbaadd47331043c80a10bd1e881d1edd1a6b532b7322ae88455","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476228Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476228Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Four-fermion deformations of the massless Schwinger model and confinement","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Aleksey Cherman, Arkady Vainshtein, Mikhail Shifman, Mithat Unsal, Theodore Jacobson","submitted_at":"2022-03-24T16:24:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the massless charge-$N$ Schwinger model and its deformation with two four-fermion operators. Without the deformations, this model exhibits chiral symmetry breaking without confinement. It is usually asserted that the massless Schwinger model is always deconfined and a string tension emerges only when a mass for the fermion field is turned on. We show that in the presence of these four-fermion operators, the massless theory can in fact confine. One of the four-fermion deformations is chirally neutral, and is a marginal deformation. The other operator can be relevant or irrelevant, a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.13156","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.13156/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.13156","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.13156v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.13156","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LTYTSIALWSP3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LTYTSIALWSP3VLOU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LTYTSIAL","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.02883","citing_title":"de Sitter Vacua & pUniverses","ref_index":46,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE","json":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LTYTSIAL"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LTYTSIAL","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2203.13156&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/LTYTSIALWSP3VLOUOMYQIPEAUE/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:37:36.476286+00:00"}