{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX","short_pith_number":"pith:LUCJ2ATJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.04311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-05-11T17:56:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"59e6fbffc4b391e0a39e9b83be5e13dc4c9917eb75144a89d54b1c36f94c1929","abstract_canon_sha256":"7d8dba579be1575fe35c6693d9d688dce96ead1ea72987a458368571dde10284"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d049d0269fab8577b181b60f4431405e1b04a4c9817584a8fa4a928f091b129","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1705.04311","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.04311","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.04311v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.04311","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LUCJ2ATJ7K4F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LUCJ2ATJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.04311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-05-11T17:56:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"59e6fbffc4b391e0a39e9b83be5e13dc4c9917eb75144a89d54b1c36f94c1929","abstract_canon_sha256":"7d8dba579be1575fe35c6693d9d688dce96ead1ea72987a458368571dde10284"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d049d0269fab8577b181b60f4431405e1b04a4c9817584a8fa4a928f091b129","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43.167680Z","signature_b64":"er3SG7q2rNuO3dA0CWdAJoeEAQZIHSfQH3KxgOHmY4otUqeVfGkcgJ9OQjZxC1oRSUz7J2orVPfqYGZPkqyJBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5d049d0269fab8577b181b60f4431405e1b04a4c9817584a8fa4a928f091b129","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43.167018Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43.167018Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1705.04311","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WTYyB1fxRbQZOXH4Da0VF0yq8pyoZETRVBp5NBLw5EwMOf0X1h+PrxhoeQLIkdpkijVL9mcUnQuwh1g/J5L4Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T23:25:35.785526Z"},"content_sha256":"f087529055b99aaa0dbb9bc6f8ca1f30ecca4954a750cc78d828cba5f9133e60","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f087529055b99aaa0dbb9bc6f8ca1f30ecca4954a750cc78d828cba5f9133e60"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Infrared Divergences in QED, Revisited","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Ana-Maria Raclariu, Andrew Strominger, Daniel Kapec, Malcolm Perry","submitted_at":"2017-05-11T17:56:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently it has been shown that the vacuum state in QED is infinitely degenerate. Moreover a transition among the degenerate vacua is induced in any nontrivial scattering process and determined from the associated soft factor. Conventional computations of scattering amplitudes in QED do not account for this vacuum degeneracy and therefore always give zero. This vanishing of all conventional QED amplitudes is usually attributed to infrared divergences. Here we show that if these vacuum transitions are properly accounted for, the resulting amplitudes are nonzero and infrared finite. Our construc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.04311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wr5n4xrkdKRidD9g5je7xoeF2URmSuKXjFVwyqeCfsOdimZsaXm7gaO3pL68PXbdvl/9yDzzmkWgwArtg+URAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T23:25:35.786098Z"},"content_sha256":"3f41b416851e153262ca9b1b65701f15ab4cf0ffb1ce57ee699ce35a103a61bd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f41b416851e153262ca9b1b65701f15ab4cf0ffb1ce57ee699ce35a103a61bd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-22T23:25:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YYDNQPIQYUAX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7d8dba579be1575fe35c6693d9d688dce96ead1ea72987a458368571dde10284","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-05-11T17:56:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"59e6fbffc4b391e0a39e9b83be5e13dc4c9917eb75144a89d54b1c36f94c1929"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.04311","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.04311","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.04311v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.04311","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LUCJ2ATJ7K4F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LUCJ2ATJ7K4FO6YY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LUCJ2ATJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3f41b416851e153262ca9b1b65701f15ab4cf0ffb1ce57ee699ce35a103a61bd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently it has been shown that the vacuum state in QED is infinitely degenerate. Moreover a transition among the degenerate vacua is induced in any nontrivial scattering process and determined from the associated soft factor. Conventional computations of scattering amplitudes in QED do not account for this vacuum degeneracy and therefore always give zero. This vanishing of all conventional QED amplitudes is usually attributed to infrared divergences. Here we show that if these vacuum transitions are properly accounted for, the resulting amplitudes are nonzero and infrared finite. Our construc","authors_text":"Ana-Maria Raclariu, Andrew Strominger, Daniel Kapec, Malcolm Perry","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-05-11T17:56:43Z","title":"Infrared Divergences in QED, Revisited"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.04311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f087529055b99aaa0dbb9bc6f8ca1f30ecca4954a750cc78d828cba5f9133e60","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7d8dba579be1575fe35c6693d9d688dce96ead1ea72987a458368571dde10284","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-05-11T17:56:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"59e6fbffc4b391e0a39e9b83be5e13dc4c9917eb75144a89d54b1c36f94c1929"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.04311","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5d049d0269fab8577b181b60f4431405e1b04a4c9817584a8fa4a928f091b129","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5d049d0269fab8577b181b60f4431405e1b04a4c9817584a8fa4a928f091b129","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43.167018Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43.167018Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"er3SG7q2rNuO3dA0CWdAJoeEAQZIHSfQH3KxgOHmY4otUqeVfGkcgJ9OQjZxC1oRSUz7J2orVPfqYGZPkqyJBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:43.167680Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1705.04311","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f087529055b99aaa0dbb9bc6f8ca1f30ecca4954a750cc78d828cba5f9133e60","sha256:3f41b416851e153262ca9b1b65701f15ab4cf0ffb1ce57ee699ce35a103a61bd"],"state_sha256":"8eed133fffad56c4d8eef1c11105a1736e324c33d3948905775250a95e840cd2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e7Vc//HOgqrQ2pQp3fRxQQNo700NKCWFqtOGDlmB7Wdw63kT0BO0rNP0iOerClK22fWkrxJRG9p5XSby/781Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T23:25:35.789605Z","bundle_sha256":"955c34b4ea0a880fa486e63fb79f213b0b17e45b7fc314557f7948673329e546"}}