{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD","short_pith_number":"pith:LUKGCLMP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.10482","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-09-16T17:18:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"242ed0d1eaae816b238f4042011ec6645e4ad57d5d0eec09f7c58ed623630c85","abstract_canon_sha256":"49e7a565ce70a22b2d5e98ef537b16c4e8c944a24cc4557fa01a14295829ac4d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d14612d8f849d5d848642d81517ccb0e642780200a061c96106cc30eb46a78a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2409.10482","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.10482","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.10482v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.10482","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LUKGCLMPQSOV","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LUKGCLMP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.10482","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-09-16T17:18:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"242ed0d1eaae816b238f4042011ec6645e4ad57d5d0eec09f7c58ed623630c85","abstract_canon_sha256":"49e7a565ce70a22b2d5e98ef537b16c4e8c944a24cc4557fa01a14295829ac4d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d14612d8f849d5d848642d81517ccb0e642780200a061c96106cc30eb46a78a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31.045720Z","signature_b64":"ZD1/WK/cBvTFHOSVPuqKKm2yiPA9jdlfPorxnYUDFwdp93aCsppjlO+hanvO/mAoqM0xucKnmS+6zYUTaCTICw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5d14612d8f849d5d848642d81517ccb0e642780200a061c96106cc30eb46a78a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31.045255Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31.045255Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2409.10482","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bTMNNd8OmcK1GsvaUhFU3Vn9gvZZyCcgxPPv32V3CWvhFihw+fK6b4xaavUXvzzS5ec185VJbQeooRCYnyHmCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:33:27.833451Z"},"content_sha256":"999cb401522212df2b883844b5ad493bb0b5db964296a4d443fdef9977907b54","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:999cb401522212df2b883844b5ad493bb0b5db964296a4d443fdef9977907b54"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Schrodinger's Memory: Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Qing Li, Wei Wang","submitted_at":"2024-09-16T17:18:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Memory is the foundation of all human activities; without memory, it would be nearly impossible for people to perform any task in daily life. With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), their language capabilities are becoming increasingly comparable to those of humans. But do LLMs have memory? Based on current performance, LLMs do appear to exhibit memory. So, what is the underlying mechanism of this memory? Previous research has lacked a deep exploration of LLMs' memory capabilities and the underlying theory. In this paper, we use Universal Approximation Theorem (UAT) to explain th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.10482","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2409.10482/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/9FPxdZ4tllzpHctVOP8f1vYISoJtmBKYt0bsMS9wnc2aIq0DTE3RF3xLEqmSPHPzRz6vrz7pwARKPOuMowjCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:33:27.833950Z"},"content_sha256":"bf5a4910ee3ce9dcbecb7847dff88b2eb0ca77f16536826038cd75f29bd23a39","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bf5a4910ee3ce9dcbecb7847dff88b2eb0ca77f16536826038cd75f29bd23a39"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T21:33:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEGILMBKF6MWD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"49e7a565ce70a22b2d5e98ef537b16c4e8c944a24cc4557fa01a14295829ac4d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-09-16T17:18:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"242ed0d1eaae816b238f4042011ec6645e4ad57d5d0eec09f7c58ed623630c85"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.10482","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.10482","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.10482v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.10482","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LUKGCLMPQSOV","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LUKGCLMPQSOV3BEG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LUKGCLMP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bf5a4910ee3ce9dcbecb7847dff88b2eb0ca77f16536826038cd75f29bd23a39","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2409.10482/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Memory is the foundation of all human activities; without memory, it would be nearly impossible for people to perform any task in daily life. With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), their language capabilities are becoming increasingly comparable to those of humans. But do LLMs have memory? Based on current performance, LLMs do appear to exhibit memory. So, what is the underlying mechanism of this memory? Previous research has lacked a deep exploration of LLMs' memory capabilities and the underlying theory. In this paper, we use Universal Approximation Theorem (UAT) to explain th","authors_text":"Qing Li, Wei Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-09-16T17:18:11Z","title":"Schrodinger's Memory: Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.10482","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:999cb401522212df2b883844b5ad493bb0b5db964296a4d443fdef9977907b54","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"49e7a565ce70a22b2d5e98ef537b16c4e8c944a24cc4557fa01a14295829ac4d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-09-16T17:18:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"242ed0d1eaae816b238f4042011ec6645e4ad57d5d0eec09f7c58ed623630c85"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.10482","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"5d14612d8f849d5d848642d81517ccb0e642780200a061c96106cc30eb46a78a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5d14612d8f849d5d848642d81517ccb0e642780200a061c96106cc30eb46a78a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31.045255Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31.045255Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZD1/WK/cBvTFHOSVPuqKKm2yiPA9jdlfPorxnYUDFwdp93aCsppjlO+hanvO/mAoqM0xucKnmS+6zYUTaCTICw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:12:31.045720Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2409.10482","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:999cb401522212df2b883844b5ad493bb0b5db964296a4d443fdef9977907b54","sha256:bf5a4910ee3ce9dcbecb7847dff88b2eb0ca77f16536826038cd75f29bd23a39"],"state_sha256":"70014278847e4f6bf3c02d27de06c75931b8e5f23a322b4a498e667ded693beb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/RgJSkwGQ+7Ws/Nyf+HZHwlECXtkCYaONwjVG1Di4pwSjJe6yNAWPjkbjQ0QblKJQ5Ec1g7MqyETCgBiMnWoBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:33:27.839892Z","bundle_sha256":"3e4e9f676544e7061edcd3bf944a0ac32d232aaf8761719e0bc5252e3b40c5d3"}}