{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336","short_pith_number":"pith:LWK6LC2F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.14876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-05-24T08:29:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"09628dd210124e962446aa8eac8f4c685b56a9fa0d43eb2e28ca5bb3ca9b251e","abstract_canon_sha256":"70c6e23371bb6e4401e9590a2a22e5aed074ac6e318ee418b93655253c61ad34"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d95e58b459a8d5d174c77f5d271fbdfa46a65a488d5c540a71d4f2a5cf08324","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2305.14876","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.14876","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.14876v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.14876","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LWK6LC2FTKGV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LWK6LC2F","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.14876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-05-24T08:29:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"09628dd210124e962446aa8eac8f4c685b56a9fa0d43eb2e28ca5bb3ca9b251e","abstract_canon_sha256":"70c6e23371bb6e4401e9590a2a22e5aed074ac6e318ee418b93655253c61ad34"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d95e58b459a8d5d174c77f5d271fbdfa46a65a488d5c540a71d4f2a5cf08324","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42.065595Z","signature_b64":"B8x0ocEXnGi4H4xkVojN8DxVPWmhP9PFxLVeuqBnTcSmbVoHavG8nh98Z8Z6RQZpsBXP8h4/md4kQSBtjulaCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5d95e58b459a8d5d174c77f5d271fbdfa46a65a488d5c540a71d4f2a5cf08324","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42.065130Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42.065130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2305.14876","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YWt39YC4VYnVZFkGIBsGqbEECMu5+dAvY37tDeb0lAMldMsYw3c5mdcXCh3reujxhS8Gsw2keTth2yDcKKfTAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:52.628841Z"},"content_sha256":"c3d32803795b08cecaf7fee7c48e878c6c6a75c221bb90c62567b7a99c060c7f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c3d32803795b08cecaf7fee7c48e878c6c6a75c221bb90c62567b7a99c060c7f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reconstructive Neuron Pruning for Backdoor Defense","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Bo Li, Lingjuan Lyu, Nodens Koren, Xingjun Ma, Xixiang Lyu, Yige Li, Yu-Gang Jiang","submitted_at":"2023-05-24T08:29:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been found to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, raising security concerns about their deployment in mission-critical applications. While existing defense methods have demonstrated promising results, it is still not clear how to effectively remove backdoor-associated neurons in backdoored DNNs. In this paper, we propose a novel defense called \\emph{Reconstructive Neuron Pruning} (RNP) to expose and prune backdoor neurons via an unlearning and then recovering process. Specifically, RNP first unlearns the neurons by maximizing the model's error on a small subset "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.14876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2305.14876/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nRnDYVrajPeTYeublS/Nyjw5Oji8xBDdqFwQJA/MwntbVozP4OHuEb1TVpguaJc0QPeRwS2jjCBFkF/p6NyWDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:52.629414Z"},"content_sha256":"0a67b56c189d299f1d9c33d204a7f2adb0557be3ebe3929601b15a8b75e03a2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0a67b56c189d299f1d9c33d204a7f2adb0557be3ebe3929601b15a8b75e03a2b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2MO725E4P336","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"70c6e23371bb6e4401e9590a2a22e5aed074ac6e318ee418b93655253c61ad34","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-05-24T08:29:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"09628dd210124e962446aa8eac8f4c685b56a9fa0d43eb2e28ca5bb3ca9b251e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.14876","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.14876","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.14876v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.14876","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LWK6LC2FTKGV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LWK6LC2FTKGV2F2M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LWK6LC2F","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0a67b56c189d299f1d9c33d204a7f2adb0557be3ebe3929601b15a8b75e03a2b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2305.14876/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been found to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, raising security concerns about their deployment in mission-critical applications. While existing defense methods have demonstrated promising results, it is still not clear how to effectively remove backdoor-associated neurons in backdoored DNNs. In this paper, we propose a novel defense called \\emph{Reconstructive Neuron Pruning} (RNP) to expose and prune backdoor neurons via an unlearning and then recovering process. Specifically, RNP first unlearns the neurons by maximizing the model's error on a small subset ","authors_text":"Bo Li, Lingjuan Lyu, Nodens Koren, Xingjun Ma, Xixiang Lyu, Yige Li, Yu-Gang Jiang","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-05-24T08:29:30Z","title":"Reconstructive Neuron Pruning for Backdoor Defense"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.14876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c3d32803795b08cecaf7fee7c48e878c6c6a75c221bb90c62567b7a99c060c7f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"70c6e23371bb6e4401e9590a2a22e5aed074ac6e318ee418b93655253c61ad34","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-05-24T08:29:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"09628dd210124e962446aa8eac8f4c685b56a9fa0d43eb2e28ca5bb3ca9b251e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.14876","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5d95e58b459a8d5d174c77f5d271fbdfa46a65a488d5c540a71d4f2a5cf08324","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5d95e58b459a8d5d174c77f5d271fbdfa46a65a488d5c540a71d4f2a5cf08324","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42.065130Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42.065130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"B8x0ocEXnGi4H4xkVojN8DxVPWmhP9PFxLVeuqBnTcSmbVoHavG8nh98Z8Z6RQZpsBXP8h4/md4kQSBtjulaCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:42.065595Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2305.14876","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c3d32803795b08cecaf7fee7c48e878c6c6a75c221bb90c62567b7a99c060c7f","sha256:0a67b56c189d299f1d9c33d204a7f2adb0557be3ebe3929601b15a8b75e03a2b"],"state_sha256":"02917d7e87d683fa92d47dee7430e1f8cc321aa64d85d4f13f93e49884e354cd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OEwpTOmABdSRLlUqPojyD9d8fJ7N/MyV4xOIM1ms+bnz0H7ZJ9GCa1OMBF+PQffb0J9/1ixMwSzuIOG6gjgnAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:52.635136Z","bundle_sha256":"75074eed0412c89098db7ef7a762b2b1fd4b1778e6a81e07ea7c4eb5c273969f"}}