{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G","short_pith_number":"pith:LXBDXCFE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1107.5599","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","submitted_at":"2011-07-27T21:39:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"38fe0f713faa44a3e6446acce0514a22b5cdb75ddde8cb0caa01bed113294d2b","abstract_canon_sha256":"e63170234b29003ae057b06c633e63da4b453596bc1e9602afd3c869f9196c7d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5dc23b88a4125e600bf980526c534ae1a1b58ef3a53467c3f904035afbf2f090","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1107.5599","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1107.5599","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1107.5599v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1107.5599","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LXBDXCFECJPG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LXBDXCFECJPGAC7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LXBDXCFE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1107.5599","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","submitted_at":"2011-07-27T21:39:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"38fe0f713faa44a3e6446acce0514a22b5cdb75ddde8cb0caa01bed113294d2b","abstract_canon_sha256":"e63170234b29003ae057b06c633e63da4b453596bc1e9602afd3c869f9196c7d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5dc23b88a4125e600bf980526c534ae1a1b58ef3a53467c3f904035afbf2f090","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31.463110Z","signature_b64":"9WSLGyYYFReXRBDiAE6C11HGDpMhHmDYFb/9piiVyBUPe7JcfH8zh4UPImzm3Voj7+QVHc4SWH9cABQ1OC5MDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5dc23b88a4125e600bf980526c534ae1a1b58ef3a53467c3f904035afbf2f090","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31.462540Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31.462540Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1107.5599","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EQ+56HfkQEAPsBKBNbr4ar3bh5qangRF9g0QXBj9VumEsPSD7sZYH6O3Y1lCQGRH9+nz27R7v5WbPkAmUjq7Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T20:03:22.456188Z"},"content_sha256":"f881e05ddce47638a28272804b1266c4da7fd5ce913adcac1030e3e5a33efafc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f881e05ddce47638a28272804b1266c4da7fd5ce913adcac1030e3e5a33efafc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rectification of Vortex Motion in a Circular Ratchet Channel","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","authors_text":"B. L. T. Plourde, K. Yu, N. S. Lin, T. W. Heitmann, V. R. Misko","submitted_at":"2011-07-27T21:39:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the dynamics of vortices in an asymmetric ring channel driven by an external current I in a Corbino setup. The asymmetric potential can rectify the motion of vortices and cause a net flow without any unbiased external drive, which is called ratchet effect. With an applied ac current, the potential can rectify the motion of vortices in the channel and induce a dc net flow. We show that the net flow of vortices strongly depends on vortex density and frequency of the driving current. Depending on the density, we distinguish a \"single-vortex\" rectification regime (low density) determined "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1107.5599","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yN4qDbV+EIuwMpjArgNybaN/R8S4XEe8jCH76ZT6SpFP0v6flFRAmots5Mx31/gUsKCPr93ZMd3a/uW6dijkCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T20:03:22.456593Z"},"content_sha256":"463f6639ee093f86197c295363744c46a22735b1a042b33b476c7d03bac92af8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:463f6639ee093f86197c295363744c46a22735b1a042b33b476c7d03bac92af8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T20:03:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:LXBDXCFECJPGAC7ZQBJGYU2K4G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e63170234b29003ae057b06c633e63da4b453596bc1e9602afd3c869f9196c7d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","submitted_at":"2011-07-27T21:39:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"38fe0f713faa44a3e6446acce0514a22b5cdb75ddde8cb0caa01bed113294d2b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1107.5599","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1107.5599","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1107.5599v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1107.5599","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LXBDXCFECJPG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LXBDXCFECJPGAC7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LXBDXCFE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:463f6639ee093f86197c295363744c46a22735b1a042b33b476c7d03bac92af8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the dynamics of vortices in an asymmetric ring channel driven by an external current I in a Corbino setup. The asymmetric potential can rectify the motion of vortices and cause a net flow without any unbiased external drive, which is called ratchet effect. With an applied ac current, the potential can rectify the motion of vortices in the channel and induce a dc net flow. We show that the net flow of vortices strongly depends on vortex density and frequency of the driving current. Depending on the density, we distinguish a \"single-vortex\" rectification regime (low density) determined ","authors_text":"B. L. T. Plourde, K. Yu, N. S. Lin, T. W. Heitmann, V. R. Misko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","submitted_at":"2011-07-27T21:39:49Z","title":"Rectification of Vortex Motion in a Circular Ratchet Channel"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1107.5599","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f881e05ddce47638a28272804b1266c4da7fd5ce913adcac1030e3e5a33efafc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e63170234b29003ae057b06c633e63da4b453596bc1e9602afd3c869f9196c7d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.supr-con","submitted_at":"2011-07-27T21:39:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"38fe0f713faa44a3e6446acce0514a22b5cdb75ddde8cb0caa01bed113294d2b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1107.5599","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5dc23b88a4125e600bf980526c534ae1a1b58ef3a53467c3f904035afbf2f090","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5dc23b88a4125e600bf980526c534ae1a1b58ef3a53467c3f904035afbf2f090","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31.462540Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31.462540Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9WSLGyYYFReXRBDiAE6C11HGDpMhHmDYFb/9piiVyBUPe7JcfH8zh4UPImzm3Voj7+QVHc4SWH9cABQ1OC5MDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:11:31.463110Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1107.5599","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f881e05ddce47638a28272804b1266c4da7fd5ce913adcac1030e3e5a33efafc","sha256:463f6639ee093f86197c295363744c46a22735b1a042b33b476c7d03bac92af8"],"state_sha256":"cb4d5a2ca85c6c477628272f2e29571edb266256b4f52b072102a6dd43a3afa1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NNGP2qi4j9zwKk+hMSw31hf5VyVaoMGQHHwC6N6dzDyg9AjrmrdqSz0V3PebLM6dJcczCPory0yh33kRo7CYDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T20:03:22.459286Z","bundle_sha256":"2f8fa3a6b4f8112a3b76060adae25d26ee4353cddeb33ee8029b9b41835f84d0"}}