{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7","short_pith_number":"pith:LXCR2BOC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.01904","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-04T15:57:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"145e8a0c1da93162c61ed4d48aaa45e0e0fee091b19b9ecbf9e3d2d77fe04679","abstract_canon_sha256":"944e3f19825e32d055d679b19d34fd023b56b1930a419d658f293a11b1c5b10f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5dc51d05c246c13ae66fa0a3204741bfd88ec5a865d5f1581372fbdb7741962b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2304.01904","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.01904","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.01904v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.01904","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LXCR2BOCI3AT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LXCR2BOC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.01904","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-04T15:57:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"145e8a0c1da93162c61ed4d48aaa45e0e0fee091b19b9ecbf9e3d2d77fe04679","abstract_canon_sha256":"944e3f19825e32d055d679b19d34fd023b56b1930a419d658f293a11b1c5b10f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5dc51d05c246c13ae66fa0a3204741bfd88ec5a865d5f1581372fbdb7741962b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52.606063Z","signature_b64":"kfC7Ha/mZMjmOSDPF8eekc7C7xmULxGrtxFjxLhXUbDvWw9hHxGGFtWmgqA7mPLFdJ/B2KiF/2D71JGgHV+SAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5dc51d05c246c13ae66fa0a3204741bfd88ec5a865d5f1581372fbdb7741962b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52.605653Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52.605653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2304.01904","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sGRUMwa41SSRnDy+cmA2m7wE1aj2/3cllgEUmgH43vTxD772omwaaHmdosqELWbcRen0nY2wEzDTad1Ut9h0CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:50:49.783953Z"},"content_sha256":"79d8cb6334c1b90259955cd94b6941886f4c52c031341dbf949f6380246cdbbc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:79d8cb6334c1b90259955cd94b6941886f4c52c031341dbf949f6380246cdbbc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"REFINER: Reasoning Feedback on Intermediate Representations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Antoine Bosselut, Beatriz Borges, Boi Faltings, Debjit Paul, Maxime Peyrard, Mete Ismayilzada, Robert West","submitted_at":"2023-04-04T15:57:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) have recently shown remarkable performance on reasoning tasks by explicitly generating intermediate inferences, e.g., chain-of-thought prompting. However, these intermediate inference steps may be inappropriate deductions from the initial context and lead to incorrect final predictions. Here we introduce REFINER, a framework for finetuning LMs to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps while interacting with a critic model that provides automated feedback on the reasoning. Specifically, the critic provides structured feedback that the reasoning LM uses to iterati"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.01904","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.01904/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4zPDGCvSfuz0svwN4rGGGlA0FsrTr45HvMqoSxovHLqi6ksIjlruUEpOsZLkYlaz7Z2hHoRqEzbmL4IPEpJRBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:50:49.825776Z"},"content_sha256":"a7ecb82a713db6c54a25e16d29c1b2e5164266a91b61697094a565957e064531","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a7ecb82a713db6c54a25e16d29c1b2e5164266a91b61697094a565957e064531"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T11:50:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTPUCRSAR2BX7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"944e3f19825e32d055d679b19d34fd023b56b1930a419d658f293a11b1c5b10f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-04T15:57:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"145e8a0c1da93162c61ed4d48aaa45e0e0fee091b19b9ecbf9e3d2d77fe04679"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.01904","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.01904","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.01904v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.01904","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LXCR2BOCI3AT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LXCR2BOCI3ATVZTP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LXCR2BOC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a7ecb82a713db6c54a25e16d29c1b2e5164266a91b61697094a565957e064531","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2304.01904/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) have recently shown remarkable performance on reasoning tasks by explicitly generating intermediate inferences, e.g., chain-of-thought prompting. However, these intermediate inference steps may be inappropriate deductions from the initial context and lead to incorrect final predictions. Here we introduce REFINER, a framework for finetuning LMs to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps while interacting with a critic model that provides automated feedback on the reasoning. Specifically, the critic provides structured feedback that the reasoning LM uses to iterati","authors_text":"Antoine Bosselut, Beatriz Borges, Boi Faltings, Debjit Paul, Maxime Peyrard, Mete Ismayilzada, Robert West","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-04T15:57:28Z","title":"REFINER: Reasoning Feedback on Intermediate Representations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.01904","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:79d8cb6334c1b90259955cd94b6941886f4c52c031341dbf949f6380246cdbbc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"944e3f19825e32d055d679b19d34fd023b56b1930a419d658f293a11b1c5b10f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-04-04T15:57:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"145e8a0c1da93162c61ed4d48aaa45e0e0fee091b19b9ecbf9e3d2d77fe04679"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.01904","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5dc51d05c246c13ae66fa0a3204741bfd88ec5a865d5f1581372fbdb7741962b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5dc51d05c246c13ae66fa0a3204741bfd88ec5a865d5f1581372fbdb7741962b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52.605653Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52.605653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kfC7Ha/mZMjmOSDPF8eekc7C7xmULxGrtxFjxLhXUbDvWw9hHxGGFtWmgqA7mPLFdJ/B2KiF/2D71JGgHV+SAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:40:52.606063Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2304.01904","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:79d8cb6334c1b90259955cd94b6941886f4c52c031341dbf949f6380246cdbbc","sha256:a7ecb82a713db6c54a25e16d29c1b2e5164266a91b61697094a565957e064531"],"state_sha256":"35121f8f31fbcf5221787a6f88ca5f5438102a406aeb0a5b7a6e9a9a9d66f0c2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jCb8UOGa2I91fJQe90tk9WeX6Vf/WcYWr1/nKePHP436N0yARqzprW5zU4vFymy+mgiWj/ntRRYsTnCNsT54Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:50:49.839272Z","bundle_sha256":"b5b01e2feb6c5e93aa300a536ab887554be7d0fb1c66a0fb97dd0cb8da2c33fd"}}