{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62","short_pith_number":"pith:LXP4VWI6","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"5ddfcad91eb97bbfd8f905777e9274f6b1d21eff8cfaa488d30af09b36c76fbd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1505.00388","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Order-Revealing Encryption and the Hardness of Private Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Mark Bun, Mark Zhandry","submitted_at":"2015-05-03T02:23:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"An order-revealing encryption scheme gives a public procedure by which two ciphertexts can be compared to reveal the ordering of their underlying plaintexts. We show how to use order-revealing encryption to separate computationally efficient PAC learning from efficient $(\\epsilon, \\delta)$-differentially private PAC learning. That is, we construct a concept class that is efficiently PAC learnable, but for which every efficient learner fails to be differentially private. This answers a question of Kasiviswanathan et al. (FOCS '08, SIAM J. Comput. '11).\n  To prove our result, we give a generic t"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.00388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-05-03T02:23:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"040ae818fdc45b57fadaa01b87200fd8d61ce0786d74d7247467bd20ea38215b","abstract_canon_sha256":"48b157d2b0368a8f5df1f0c1445d1e45b9720487370c21c99b70e01005c70a0e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.288538Z","signature_b64":"mFkKPSHV9xt3bUwvjAtiyw1CXcMp7V+rfkNTB+r/9xDa0uFj5pwbjJ3EfjaEn125e2RYFNAs3kCUo7qz+JOtDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5ddfcad91eb97bbfd8f905777e9274f6b1d21eff8cfaa488d30af09b36c76fbd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.287708Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.287708Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Order-Revealing Encryption and the Hardness of Private Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Mark Bun, Mark Zhandry","submitted_at":"2015-05-03T02:23:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"An order-revealing encryption scheme gives a public procedure by which two ciphertexts can be compared to reveal the ordering of their underlying plaintexts. We show how to use order-revealing encryption to separate computationally efficient PAC learning from efficient $(\\epsilon, \\delta)$-differentially private PAC learning. That is, we construct a concept class that is efficiently PAC learnable, but for which every efficient learner fails to be differentially private. This answers a question of Kasiviswanathan et al. (FOCS '08, SIAM J. Comput. '11).\n  To prove our result, we give a generic t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.00388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.00388","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.287847+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.00388v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.287847+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.00388","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.287847+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LXP4VWI6XF53","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29.992203+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LXP4VWI6XF537WHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29.992203+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LXP4VWI6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:29.992203+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62","json":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LXP4VWI6"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/LXP4VWI6","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1505.00388&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/LXP4VWI6XF537WHZAV3X5ETU62/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.287847+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:10.287847+00:00"}