{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5","short_pith_number":"pith:LYNPTAQV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1208.0372","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-08-01T22:28:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c07b6fedef60759b4333178202493407c203bb19ead7c79f69b2816bb70d3b1e","abstract_canon_sha256":"e824b1ead7cfa539b3c20c7d96a439fa910529816b8c23b4bc231845a9737ae8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5e1af98215b3c7f783ec4b6cdad5732f52b875fac1aaefa27fc7b2a72695caef","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1208.0372","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1208.0372","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1208.0372v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1208.0372","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LYNPTAQVWPD7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LYNPTAQV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1208.0372","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-08-01T22:28:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c07b6fedef60759b4333178202493407c203bb19ead7c79f69b2816bb70d3b1e","abstract_canon_sha256":"e824b1ead7cfa539b3c20c7d96a439fa910529816b8c23b4bc231845a9737ae8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5e1af98215b3c7f783ec4b6cdad5732f52b875fac1aaefa27fc7b2a72695caef","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24.040615Z","signature_b64":"IV0oscBrHIQKuOmHX/9cVkv46GlxQvslMvGjECfSldFxIQNTOlyshUpi81OfS9wnW80S9NQm7uJU+f5tmAaFDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5e1af98215b3c7f783ec4b6cdad5732f52b875fac1aaefa27fc7b2a72695caef","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24.039986Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24.039986Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1208.0372","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s5f8r8hM4c1fIgF8mz5XWw3WxMpqbbbzkqh+hYwRCHwwvDAMMQX8SLakLx1wgPSV0zISRSZNl1WYiSY0S3nSBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T16:13:56.067661Z"},"content_sha256":"871dd70d6e5b9d20b63448742b75c39af8e87701b83215802f2aab60acc9f5ad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:871dd70d6e5b9d20b63448742b75c39af8e87701b83215802f2aab60acc9f5ad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gaussian Beams in Near-Zero Transition Metamaterials","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Fatema Alali, Natalia M. Litchinitser","submitted_at":"2012-08-01T22:28:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically and numerically investigate the phenomenon of resonant field enhancement of Gaussian beams in two types of transition metamaterials: with a positive-zero-negative index profile and with a positive-zero-positive index profile and demonstrate strongly localized resonant field enhancement in both cases. This study is likely to have applications in the fields of nano-optics, sub-wavelength imaging, and nano-fabrication and lays a foundation for the studies of more complex vector and vortex beam propagation in graded-index metamaterials."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1208.0372","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ysbuybvYESChAG0xHmfrsWG3vii6fo7ANnKdvmbb+hrm6zLIL5Onl94mOITK/8v4qSl7iQw34hKdMZwX0hXEAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T16:13:56.068008Z"},"content_sha256":"ce552ede2f66f244c9f26568b040f9ac4517616c3b22d49e571b2b9e78da8ecb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce552ede2f66f244c9f26568b040f9ac4517616c3b22d49e571b2b9e78da8ecb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T16:13:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7MJNWNVVLTF5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e824b1ead7cfa539b3c20c7d96a439fa910529816b8c23b4bc231845a9737ae8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-08-01T22:28:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"c07b6fedef60759b4333178202493407c203bb19ead7c79f69b2816bb70d3b1e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1208.0372","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1208.0372","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1208.0372v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1208.0372","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LYNPTAQVWPD7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LYNPTAQVWPD7PA7M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LYNPTAQV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ce552ede2f66f244c9f26568b040f9ac4517616c3b22d49e571b2b9e78da8ecb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically and numerically investigate the phenomenon of resonant field enhancement of Gaussian beams in two types of transition metamaterials: with a positive-zero-negative index profile and with a positive-zero-positive index profile and demonstrate strongly localized resonant field enhancement in both cases. This study is likely to have applications in the fields of nano-optics, sub-wavelength imaging, and nano-fabrication and lays a foundation for the studies of more complex vector and vortex beam propagation in graded-index metamaterials.","authors_text":"Fatema Alali, Natalia M. Litchinitser","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-08-01T22:28:00Z","title":"Gaussian Beams in Near-Zero Transition Metamaterials"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1208.0372","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:871dd70d6e5b9d20b63448742b75c39af8e87701b83215802f2aab60acc9f5ad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e824b1ead7cfa539b3c20c7d96a439fa910529816b8c23b4bc231845a9737ae8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-08-01T22:28:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"c07b6fedef60759b4333178202493407c203bb19ead7c79f69b2816bb70d3b1e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1208.0372","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5e1af98215b3c7f783ec4b6cdad5732f52b875fac1aaefa27fc7b2a72695caef","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5e1af98215b3c7f783ec4b6cdad5732f52b875fac1aaefa27fc7b2a72695caef","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24.039986Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24.039986Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"IV0oscBrHIQKuOmHX/9cVkv46GlxQvslMvGjECfSldFxIQNTOlyshUpi81OfS9wnW80S9NQm7uJU+f5tmAaFDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:55:24.040615Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1208.0372","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:871dd70d6e5b9d20b63448742b75c39af8e87701b83215802f2aab60acc9f5ad","sha256:ce552ede2f66f244c9f26568b040f9ac4517616c3b22d49e571b2b9e78da8ecb"],"state_sha256":"64195676780277a1ac11d4059b97ad0b8cbd0b75d2f44c9248359e597f9fa4df"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bxvOZsKVbQxqd0hwnN1MX2IU8/KO3RNRGUCLgdzwp5c0irbUR8tegXiFSdZ2Aj7gnVR/edRZu/XpqE20qVYcBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T16:13:56.070003Z","bundle_sha256":"496ca6702582f3dfff2bca3254298ca7f49ead8ea0618452c580fad7d44539b0"}}