{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:LZO2T5A7ELD2WJCSHC6WE47KCS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"afaf5b778997488687f4b61dcf02255aebdbec8a388f010b2e32bd11372eb421","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T01:47:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"f46a0060c69358d38a5f8ab4aa92960b67b64dff44ea66480cf5da42abc3e210"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.05910","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.05910","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.05910v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.05910","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LZO2T5A7ELD2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LZO2T5A7ELD2WJCS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LZO2T5A7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:44245c2f2d4675dc44da8a98ede00232e1ee2a9c3d5d77372a652efe2ae8658b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we propose a \\textit{weak supervision} framework for neural ranking tasks based on the data programming paradigm \\citep{Ratner2016}, which enables us to leverage multiple weak supervision signals from different sources. Empirically, we consider two sources of weak supervision signals, unsupervised ranking functions and semantic feature similarities. We train a BERT-based passage-ranking model (which achieves new state-of-the-art performances on two benchmark datasets with full supervision) in our weak supervision framework. Without using ground-truth training labels, BERT-PR mod","authors_text":"Bing Xiang, Peng Xu, Ramesh Nallapati, Xiaofei Ma","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T01:47:57Z","title":"Passage Ranking with Weak Supervision"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.05910","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:62ef3305cf56ae5c8a7b9f944af6b2ed164cf7492ebd478a0c867663ccfded2a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"afaf5b778997488687f4b61dcf02255aebdbec8a388f010b2e32bd11372eb421","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T01:47:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"f46a0060c69358d38a5f8ab4aa92960b67b64dff44ea66480cf5da42abc3e210"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.05910","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"5e5da9f41f22c7ab245238bd6273ea14a694c006cb7c90bf62bed6269c34302e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5e5da9f41f22c7ab245238bd6273ea14a694c006cb7c90bf62bed6269c34302e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18.612305Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18.612305Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8UrLKS5k+w463P5PQaK6OrhQ4m+GWDdBXjMAzF7JPO662Cpwu7+E2sguuoVAwRrg4FPe+NqIl3hv1GCJsdpyDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:18.612891Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.05910","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:62ef3305cf56ae5c8a7b9f944af6b2ed164cf7492ebd478a0c867663ccfded2a","sha256:44245c2f2d4675dc44da8a98ede00232e1ee2a9c3d5d77372a652efe2ae8658b"],"state_sha256":"ea71e0bb2dceeb1f842b9a4ff0a55b6313e127f819583133c0f3ac9a5043c105"}