{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y","short_pith_number":"pith:M3WENXS4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.01661","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-05-04T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"cf4255354fadeb9d1d2241e63a1394eba4484a9bcb78b76426ffbd052589fed3","abstract_canon_sha256":"af49814cb13b2e3c98a4e8900c11911ef285428937995b3ec9e8d78f14f7e42c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"66ec46de5c4fe777c212624a1034ddd6125bc7003ef27ab88b5b2b23dd4b78d3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.01661","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.01661","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.01661v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.01661","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M3WENXS4J7TX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M3WENXS4J7TXPQQS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M3WENXS4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.01661","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-05-04T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"cf4255354fadeb9d1d2241e63a1394eba4484a9bcb78b76426ffbd052589fed3","abstract_canon_sha256":"af49814cb13b2e3c98a4e8900c11911ef285428937995b3ec9e8d78f14f7e42c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"66ec46de5c4fe777c212624a1034ddd6125bc7003ef27ab88b5b2b23dd4b78d3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50.631752Z","signature_b64":"JoJzMuNfPDssxke9EeHEuQWqrg7kL1CPT/VBgDkH1FAe7IYw0TkY6SwYAHDESmYLWjsuVp4d4614KRbC4DZ4Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"66ec46de5c4fe777c212624a1034ddd6125bc7003ef27ab88b5b2b23dd4b78d3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50.631020Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50.631020Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.01661","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ajBDfldXautvfTUuw1hWbjhfCZqDVA8uwWtOvaB5zpPNH6Xpdcj8QB3rvKFPhrPAfc6oE9FykjS8Es0r/AvwCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:21:22.665838Z"},"content_sha256":"8f18a10e0b18cb3c3753ad54d929d43bec6142c5fd83b2ae2bb08b1db66fd622","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8f18a10e0b18cb3c3753ad54d929d43bec6142c5fd83b2ae2bb08b1db66fd622"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Revised solar abundances confirm low C, N and O values with Z_surface at 0.0139 while the solar modeling problem persists.","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"A. M. Amarsi, M. Asplund, N. Grevesse","submitted_at":"2021-05-04T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"The chemical composition of the Sun is a fundamental yardstick in astronomy, relative to which essentially all cosmic objects are referenced. We reassess the solar abundances of all 83 long-lived elements, using highly realistic solar modelling and state-of-the-art spectroscopic analysis techniques coupled with the best available atomic data and observations. Our new improved analysis confirms the relatively low solar abundances of C, N, and O obtained in our previous 3D-based studies: $\\log\\epsilon_{\\text{C}}=8.46\\pm0.04$, $\\log\\epsilon_{\\text{N}}=7.83\\pm0.07$, and $\\log\\epsilon_{\\text{O}}=8."},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"The revised solar abundances confirm the relatively low C, N, and O values from prior 3D studies, give Z_surface = 0.0139, and show that the solar modeling problem remains intact, implying shortcomings in opacities or mixing in standard solar models.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the 3D solar atmosphere models and atomic data used for the spectroscopic analysis are sufficiently accurate to deliver abundances at the 0.04 dex level without residual systematic errors from line formation or temperature structure.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Revised solar photospheric abundances yield Z/X = 0.0187 with C, N, O at 8.46, 7.83, 8.69, preserving the solar modeling discrepancy and revealing a modest volatile-refractory offset from CI chondrites.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Revised solar abundances confirm low C, N and O values with Z_surface at 0.0139 while the solar modeling problem persists.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"da0d13b03107273c2319d57a6f49b622fc1156e14dbdf1502fed02ce74dff847"},"source":{"id":"2105.01661","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"a8de45aa-633b-4cbb-9886-19a4b408c5f7","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-15T18:05:00.881974Z","strongest_claim":"The revised solar abundances confirm the relatively low C, N, and O values from prior 3D studies, give Z_surface = 0.0139, and show that the solar modeling problem remains intact, implying shortcomings in opacities or mixing in standard solar models.","one_line_summary":"Revised solar photospheric abundances yield Z/X = 0.0187 with C, N, O at 8.46, 7.83, 8.69, preserving the solar modeling discrepancy and revealing a modest volatile-refractory offset from CI chondrites.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the 3D solar atmosphere models and atomic data used for the spectroscopic analysis are sufficiently accurate to deliver abundances at the 0.04 dex level without residual systematic errors from line formation or temperature structure.","pith_extraction_headline":"Revised solar abundances confirm low C, N and O values with Z_surface at 0.0139 while the solar modeling problem persists."},"references":{"count":300,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2021,"title":", year = 2021, month =","work_id":"d040f2ec-ea21-49ad-983c-27e1e4b43c30","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1007/s41116-020-00028-3","year":2007,"title":"Living Reviews in Solar Physics , keywords =","work_id":"597f1aea-6534-4d14-bffd-e1a3374dcd57","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":", submitted , keywords =","work_id":"5790169c-d957-43d2-902a-98293aeca830","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"Astronomische Nachrichten, in press , keywords =","work_id":"dbcebc64-9f21-4ec6-9ebc-aa8238273cc7","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2011,"title":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement , year = 2011, month = sep, volume =","work_id":"8963b1b2-59d0-40ce-9fcf-58584fcd01c3","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":300,"snapshot_sha256":"6fb321a1aa331ba4ae0f2f3507ee1d7ee360e489ce4689a734de50735e7be58a","internal_anchors":82},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"snapshot_sha256":"c6467284a9c8941825957d392c95858d35339c1f0502f7c32f3a5e83969e5427"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"a8de45aa-633b-4cbb-9886-19a4b408c5f7"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xdRFq3LVgNFHdgA7fgOeTWpFXErrhP0j7EN6bQKp2whjBcTHaZP+6+cwaqjz2/5NWgqKMo4Dmu/YtI+BWKmgDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:21:22.666388Z"},"content_sha256":"dc5d8ef93caffdd3cc54b810b53f48f78aaa03d4e10d9e55f344eb67faf7c874","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dc5d8ef93caffdd3cc54b810b53f48f78aaa03d4e10d9e55f344eb67faf7c874"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T11:21:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:M3WENXS4J7TXPQQSMJFBANG52Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af49814cb13b2e3c98a4e8900c11911ef285428937995b3ec9e8d78f14f7e42c","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-05-04T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cf4255354fadeb9d1d2241e63a1394eba4484a9bcb78b76426ffbd052589fed3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.01661","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.01661","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.01661v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.01661","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M3WENXS4J7TX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M3WENXS4J7TXPQQS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M3WENXS4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dc5d8ef93caffdd3cc54b810b53f48f78aaa03d4e10d9e55f344eb67faf7c874","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The revised solar abundances confirm the relatively low C, N, and O values from prior 3D studies, give Z_surface = 0.0139, and show that the solar modeling problem remains intact, implying shortcomings in opacities or mixing in standard solar models."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"That the 3D solar atmosphere models and atomic data used for the spectroscopic analysis are sufficiently accurate to deliver abundances at the 0.04 dex level without residual systematic errors from line formation or temperature structure."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Revised solar photospheric abundances yield Z/X = 0.0187 with C, N, O at 8.46, 7.83, 8.69, preserving the solar modeling discrepancy and revealing a modest volatile-refractory offset from CI chondrites."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Revised solar abundances confirm low C, N and O values with Z_surface at 0.0139 while the solar modeling problem persists."}],"snapshot_sha256":"da0d13b03107273c2319d57a6f49b622fc1156e14dbdf1502fed02ce74dff847"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"snapshot_sha256":"c6467284a9c8941825957d392c95858d35339c1f0502f7c32f3a5e83969e5427"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The chemical composition of the Sun is a fundamental yardstick in astronomy, relative to which essentially all cosmic objects are referenced. We reassess the solar abundances of all 83 long-lived elements, using highly realistic solar modelling and state-of-the-art spectroscopic analysis techniques coupled with the best available atomic data and observations. Our new improved analysis confirms the relatively low solar abundances of C, N, and O obtained in our previous 3D-based studies: $\\log\\epsilon_{\\text{C}}=8.46\\pm0.04$, $\\log\\epsilon_{\\text{N}}=7.83\\pm0.07$, and $\\log\\epsilon_{\\text{O}}=8.","authors_text":"A. M. Amarsi, M. Asplund, N. Grevesse","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"headline":"Revised solar abundances confirm low C, N and O values with Z_surface at 0.0139 while the solar modeling problem persists.","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-05-04T18:00:00Z","title":"The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision"},"references":{"count":300,"internal_anchors":82,"resolved_work":300,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":", year = 2021, month =","work_id":"d040f2ec-ea21-49ad-983c-27e1e4b43c30","year":2021},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"10.1007/s41116-020-00028-3","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"Living Reviews in Solar Physics , keywords =","work_id":"597f1aea-6534-4d14-bffd-e1a3374dcd57","year":2007},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":", submitted , keywords =","work_id":"5790169c-d957-43d2-902a-98293aeca830","year":null},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":4,"title":"Astronomische Nachrichten, in press , keywords =","work_id":"dbcebc64-9f21-4ec6-9ebc-aa8238273cc7","year":null},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":5,"title":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement , year = 2011, month = sep, volume =","work_id":"8963b1b2-59d0-40ce-9fcf-58584fcd01c3","year":2011}],"snapshot_sha256":"6fb321a1aa331ba4ae0f2f3507ee1d7ee360e489ce4689a734de50735e7be58a"},"source":{"id":"2105.01661","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-15T18:05:00.881974Z","id":"a8de45aa-633b-4cbb-9886-19a4b408c5f7","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"Revised solar photospheric abundances yield Z/X = 0.0187 with C, N, O at 8.46, 7.83, 8.69, preserving the solar modeling discrepancy and revealing a modest volatile-refractory offset from CI chondrites.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"Revised solar abundances confirm low C, N and O values with Z_surface at 0.0139 while the solar modeling problem persists.","strongest_claim":"The revised solar abundances confirm the relatively low C, N, and O values from prior 3D studies, give Z_surface = 0.0139, and show that the solar modeling problem remains intact, implying shortcomings in opacities or mixing in standard solar models.","weakest_assumption":"That the 3D solar atmosphere models and atomic data used for the spectroscopic analysis are sufficiently accurate to deliver abundances at the 0.04 dex level without residual systematic errors from line formation or temperature structure."}},"verdict_id":"a8de45aa-633b-4cbb-9886-19a4b408c5f7"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8f18a10e0b18cb3c3753ad54d929d43bec6142c5fd83b2ae2bb08b1db66fd622","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af49814cb13b2e3c98a4e8900c11911ef285428937995b3ec9e8d78f14f7e42c","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-05-04T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cf4255354fadeb9d1d2241e63a1394eba4484a9bcb78b76426ffbd052589fed3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.01661","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"66ec46de5c4fe777c212624a1034ddd6125bc7003ef27ab88b5b2b23dd4b78d3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"66ec46de5c4fe777c212624a1034ddd6125bc7003ef27ab88b5b2b23dd4b78d3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50.631020Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50.631020Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JoJzMuNfPDssxke9EeHEuQWqrg7kL1CPT/VBgDkH1FAe7IYw0TkY6SwYAHDESmYLWjsuVp4d4614KRbC4DZ4Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:50.631752Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.01661","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8f18a10e0b18cb3c3753ad54d929d43bec6142c5fd83b2ae2bb08b1db66fd622","sha256:dc5d8ef93caffdd3cc54b810b53f48f78aaa03d4e10d9e55f344eb67faf7c874"],"state_sha256":"050649fe399c5f0547dfdd08b08419787e13313b73e57766354e8ff5bb88fced"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wkpMndebz6OItXEhTS29BxRT+9jCfiepfdcNaTq7Qr74h3YQk7iaKZG/zegGLRiwfumPfVYDJLg8s04TnsdQBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:21:22.670633Z","bundle_sha256":"658641ac248eafbfbbff9154580a653ad9442b4b60c246f735023e191882982f"}}