{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6","short_pith_number":"pith:M432F3A7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.04503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T02:45:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"4703182f3950b533c5f1887f9bf16aad898bf0fcd316e1477115ffae7569b40d","abstract_canon_sha256":"04f348e22818a285978c4dcc38a1fa3d19a23baa2d5d7762e362cd30b9340531"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6737a2ec1fa02cfa0d62a73a47a36117980cf2e2df7d861cf391b0c18acdc3ad","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.04503","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.04503","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.04503v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.04503","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M432F3A7UAWP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M432F3A7UAWPUDLC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M432F3A7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.04503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T02:45:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"4703182f3950b533c5f1887f9bf16aad898bf0fcd316e1477115ffae7569b40d","abstract_canon_sha256":"04f348e22818a285978c4dcc38a1fa3d19a23baa2d5d7762e362cd30b9340531"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6737a2ec1fa02cfa0d62a73a47a36117980cf2e2df7d861cf391b0c18acdc3ad","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18.668653Z","signature_b64":"v9/DjtLjl9+DYKSB2aehgdWvZNO+FnOO+d5Y37NkAluMT8N3yIXYoJWJbTv75r1uJXDnlTRrCFMuvjH3hF3CDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6737a2ec1fa02cfa0d62a73a47a36117980cf2e2df7d861cf391b0c18acdc3ad","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18.668152Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18.668152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.04503","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"p8LgVA6YqJLDbcWo6Yb1nJUbx25PSiEMJ53fVk5IOpxvIEPYPVj/6FKGlIIdOgeiSzq0+UqPx++4IOauX3BJBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T18:45:31.778817Z"},"content_sha256":"5a9d15bdc52c24475f8c2c2fc5dcace4e7f95f75e9b7298f07c56c3db60c82e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a9d15bdc52c24475f8c2c2fc5dcace4e7f95f75e9b7298f07c56c3db60c82e0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Primer on Large Language Models and their Limitations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"David Hyland-Wood, Sandra Johnson","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T02:45:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper provides a primer on Large Language Models (LLMs) and identifies their strengths, limitations, applications and research directions. It is intended to be useful to those in academia and industry who are interested in gaining an understanding of the key LLM concepts and technologies, and in utilising this knowledge in both day to day tasks and in more complex scenarios where this technology can enhance current practices and processes."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.04503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.04503/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B3Zps94gxfzOslPGSct6tReqI2+ZAFhq2nlUO5V0WIEbFG/LZIu5OpWJGgBc83ctW3DQ59jfWnWyNJEkhbW5CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T18:45:31.779860Z"},"content_sha256":"8cf453045cc6a218778ec3dad96c8d0a1ac69cf7e0ab0846d5ef83f195e70bf8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8cf453045cc6a218778ec3dad96c8d0a1ac69cf7e0ab0846d5ef83f195e70bf8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T18:45:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:M432F3A7UAWPUDLCU45EPI3BC6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"04f348e22818a285978c4dcc38a1fa3d19a23baa2d5d7762e362cd30b9340531","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T02:45:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"4703182f3950b533c5f1887f9bf16aad898bf0fcd316e1477115ffae7569b40d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.04503","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.04503","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.04503v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.04503","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M432F3A7UAWP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M432F3A7UAWPUDLC","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M432F3A7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8cf453045cc6a218778ec3dad96c8d0a1ac69cf7e0ab0846d5ef83f195e70bf8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.04503/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper provides a primer on Large Language Models (LLMs) and identifies their strengths, limitations, applications and research directions. It is intended to be useful to those in academia and industry who are interested in gaining an understanding of the key LLM concepts and technologies, and in utilising this knowledge in both day to day tasks and in more complex scenarios where this technology can enhance current practices and processes.","authors_text":"David Hyland-Wood, Sandra Johnson","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T02:45:02Z","title":"A Primer on Large Language Models and their Limitations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.04503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5a9d15bdc52c24475f8c2c2fc5dcace4e7f95f75e9b7298f07c56c3db60c82e0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"04f348e22818a285978c4dcc38a1fa3d19a23baa2d5d7762e362cd30b9340531","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T02:45:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"4703182f3950b533c5f1887f9bf16aad898bf0fcd316e1477115ffae7569b40d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.04503","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6737a2ec1fa02cfa0d62a73a47a36117980cf2e2df7d861cf391b0c18acdc3ad","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6737a2ec1fa02cfa0d62a73a47a36117980cf2e2df7d861cf391b0c18acdc3ad","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18.668152Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18.668152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"v9/DjtLjl9+DYKSB2aehgdWvZNO+FnOO+d5Y37NkAluMT8N3yIXYoJWJbTv75r1uJXDnlTRrCFMuvjH3hF3CDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:18.668653Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.04503","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5a9d15bdc52c24475f8c2c2fc5dcace4e7f95f75e9b7298f07c56c3db60c82e0","sha256:8cf453045cc6a218778ec3dad96c8d0a1ac69cf7e0ab0846d5ef83f195e70bf8"],"state_sha256":"7d14a64275fbad6dc6a58d06810f5f328db8db9f36b35992aee9fb34f806f6cb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cLwUj0IWuB7I7wakljnKvUtZtTYESAAKX9Gl+ZgvPdy7Q9h17ZlDesYqsf/ua9VHyJrmKS1z8HS8cBMS5n5xAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T18:45:31.785803Z","bundle_sha256":"e398a370e7b5f88bebc856caa3bc7ceedacb2b4bb4e75ae0c16776f2e7c44694"}}