{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS","short_pith_number":"pith:M467XCU2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1703.07395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-03-21T19:18:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cccf810f0015a5d8c6de3359df615e67449b25bd8acffa35b7aa5c9b5c7c46ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"4723681f5ab8d08847c7afb31453704e2ed72281d45378a93137461e148ca1eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"673dfb8a9a971e9a36f9f75ba25719948556efd1927710249b1f58a706f78b3e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1703.07395","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1703.07395","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1703.07395v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1703.07395","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M467XCU2S4PJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M467XCU2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1703.07395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-03-21T19:18:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cccf810f0015a5d8c6de3359df615e67449b25bd8acffa35b7aa5c9b5c7c46ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"4723681f5ab8d08847c7afb31453704e2ed72281d45378a93137461e148ca1eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"673dfb8a9a971e9a36f9f75ba25719948556efd1927710249b1f58a706f78b3e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08.905073Z","signature_b64":"yOJJiboLGTrIPlgwbEePa12woQN/FSY7wLIzvSKAtmlBwBCaDP3jRYgTdbqLc/QQpbcf9rTYYE6/NBwNPHp9Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"673dfb8a9a971e9a36f9f75ba25719948556efd1927710249b1f58a706f78b3e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08.904673Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08.904673Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1703.07395","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bq83pdkQvfdZCrQueAeg7XWLdGXnkqsnZDH4nS07IGPkmFenmM5KV8VedqdtRQv6C+gTHvxf2CHxJYnl2w5iCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T16:19:31.477541Z"},"content_sha256":"22cb3cda9c8ea24021f77a8ff4828680e0fcfe092631dd64c8f34729a033a499","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22cb3cda9c8ea24021f77a8ff4828680e0fcfe092631dd64c8f34729a033a499"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Increasing granular flow rate with obstructions","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Alan Murray, Fernando Alonso-Marroquin","submitted_at":"2017-03-21T19:18:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"We describe a simple experiment involving spheres rolling down an inclined plane towards a bottleneck and through a gap. Results of the experiment indicate that flow rate can be increased by placing an obstruction at optimal positions near the bottleneck. We use the experiment to develop a computer simulation using the PhysX physics engine. Simulations confirm the experimental results and we state several considerations necessary to obtain a model that agrees well with experiment. We demonstrate that the model exhibits clogging, intermittent and continuous flow, and that it can be used as a to"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1703.07395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NGKl0pccfAZ2A+iaGAj1FAU1biyTP3fI2mDZ2QPPZGUbd7UUf7/MjM7lYYZnWJWSzgXLgAmbaBViqzTO6VInBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T16:19:31.477884Z"},"content_sha256":"024f31cbaf38d9d5b1393ab6682137c93749a4fb14c709bbd468c2591f1cddad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:024f31cbaf38d9d5b1393ab6682137c93749a4fb14c709bbd468c2591f1cddad"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T16:19:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ65N2EVYZSS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4723681f5ab8d08847c7afb31453704e2ed72281d45378a93137461e148ca1eb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-03-21T19:18:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"cccf810f0015a5d8c6de3359df615e67449b25bd8acffa35b7aa5c9b5c7c46ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1703.07395","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1703.07395","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1703.07395v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1703.07395","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M467XCU2S4PJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M467XCU2S4PJUNXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M467XCU2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:024f31cbaf38d9d5b1393ab6682137c93749a4fb14c709bbd468c2591f1cddad","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We describe a simple experiment involving spheres rolling down an inclined plane towards a bottleneck and through a gap. Results of the experiment indicate that flow rate can be increased by placing an obstruction at optimal positions near the bottleneck. We use the experiment to develop a computer simulation using the PhysX physics engine. Simulations confirm the experimental results and we state several considerations necessary to obtain a model that agrees well with experiment. We demonstrate that the model exhibits clogging, intermittent and continuous flow, and that it can be used as a to","authors_text":"Alan Murray, Fernando Alonso-Marroquin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-03-21T19:18:48Z","title":"Increasing granular flow rate with obstructions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1703.07395","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:22cb3cda9c8ea24021f77a8ff4828680e0fcfe092631dd64c8f34729a033a499","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4723681f5ab8d08847c7afb31453704e2ed72281d45378a93137461e148ca1eb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-03-21T19:18:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"cccf810f0015a5d8c6de3359df615e67449b25bd8acffa35b7aa5c9b5c7c46ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1703.07395","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"673dfb8a9a971e9a36f9f75ba25719948556efd1927710249b1f58a706f78b3e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"673dfb8a9a971e9a36f9f75ba25719948556efd1927710249b1f58a706f78b3e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08.904673Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08.904673Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yOJJiboLGTrIPlgwbEePa12woQN/FSY7wLIzvSKAtmlBwBCaDP3jRYgTdbqLc/QQpbcf9rTYYE6/NBwNPHp9Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:08.905073Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1703.07395","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:22cb3cda9c8ea24021f77a8ff4828680e0fcfe092631dd64c8f34729a033a499","sha256:024f31cbaf38d9d5b1393ab6682137c93749a4fb14c709bbd468c2591f1cddad"],"state_sha256":"a4aff065cefcb4a964547ec7ccafa86643c11252fbf765475a14df5f68970390"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UFMQLA71cRWGsiP+0p7Uts6cUpS04X41B7rmVDjKpnOrnFRujLhNq2+Tm7l9mn7YVPd+it5U3jCDwRbXPG6lDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T16:19:31.479840Z","bundle_sha256":"77221a32584bc5d29885914656007326d23198e130dd8f1763470079cae77ea6"}}