{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ","short_pith_number":"pith:M4ARY7Q6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.16526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-06-27T12:32:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"396eac90ff821c735c7d0c3c063f436ad206693b5a15bf39882ab0fa4f7a0cb0","abstract_canon_sha256":"36b1ee34de8fb9d67b76a4026168dc6efc05f8f6a1f14f155eb7d9512c6c5b09"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"67011c7e1e8c5ab37ee9d41f458c87a25e517aa76b49e677d885763b8c467bf4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.16526","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.16526","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.16526v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.16526","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M4ARY7Q6RRNL","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M4ARY7Q6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.16526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-06-27T12:32:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"396eac90ff821c735c7d0c3c063f436ad206693b5a15bf39882ab0fa4f7a0cb0","abstract_canon_sha256":"36b1ee34de8fb9d67b76a4026168dc6efc05f8f6a1f14f155eb7d9512c6c5b09"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"67011c7e1e8c5ab37ee9d41f458c87a25e517aa76b49e677d885763b8c467bf4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05.624923Z","signature_b64":"6WKq9xyuCFamjq3NtsI/BnRxdK3oeRo79HTYZh7F49vrxWIqUFLW8XyNlniwc3Lvaphk6sCpkEEbVIpkgaSwBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"67011c7e1e8c5ab37ee9d41f458c87a25e517aa76b49e677d885763b8c467bf4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05.624375Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05.624375Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.16526","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jN+e1CANK465kuxyBjNFLtE44oHplNERAiM7D5LZMUOpCDfSnHdSZPVvjpknCN6afnbiJPFUEERt4xG4RY2/BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:29:47.769746Z"},"content_sha256":"71fc98928a369581006abbf3d8807bad4d051cb1e4fcc53e858393038abb96b7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:71fc98928a369581006abbf3d8807bad4d051cb1e4fcc53e858393038abb96b7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Shilling Black-box Review-based Recommender Systems through Fake Review Generation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"cs.IR","authors_text":"Hong-Han Shuai, Hung-Yun Chiang, Jason S. Chang, Yi-Syuan Chen, Yun-Zhu Song","submitted_at":"2023-06-27T12:32:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Review-Based Recommender Systems (RBRS) have attracted increasing research interest due to their ability to alleviate well-known cold-start problems. RBRS utilizes reviews to construct the user and items representations. However, in this paper, we argue that such a reliance on reviews may instead expose systems to the risk of being shilled. To explore this possibility, in this paper, we propose the first generation-based model for shilling attacks against RBRSs. Specifically, we learn a fake review generator through reinforcement learning, which maliciously promotes items by forcing prediction"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.16526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.16526/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U5cdk5nYh2wzdGlrvMn/FttqxjMLcPUUhPVOsmkOtqm5UD2EjTbwQ1JGgrQTlYwSo5bGhJWB1H+uwLWh0FvRCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:29:47.770264Z"},"content_sha256":"66966548c4bae59f290f179dec0f04a152bdc1acb744a2f8049e17b77cc74620","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:66966548c4bae59f290f179dec0f04a152bdc1acb744a2f8049e17b77cc74620"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T13:29:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ2QPULDEHUJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"36b1ee34de8fb9d67b76a4026168dc6efc05f8f6a1f14f155eb7d9512c6c5b09","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.SI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-06-27T12:32:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"396eac90ff821c735c7d0c3c063f436ad206693b5a15bf39882ab0fa4f7a0cb0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.16526","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.16526","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.16526v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.16526","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M4ARY7Q6RRNL","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M4ARY7Q6RRNLG7XJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M4ARY7Q6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:66966548c4bae59f290f179dec0f04a152bdc1acb744a2f8049e17b77cc74620","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.16526/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Review-Based Recommender Systems (RBRS) have attracted increasing research interest due to their ability to alleviate well-known cold-start problems. RBRS utilizes reviews to construct the user and items representations. However, in this paper, we argue that such a reliance on reviews may instead expose systems to the risk of being shilled. To explore this possibility, in this paper, we propose the first generation-based model for shilling attacks against RBRSs. Specifically, we learn a fake review generator through reinforcement learning, which maliciously promotes items by forcing prediction","authors_text":"Hong-Han Shuai, Hung-Yun Chiang, Jason S. Chang, Yi-Syuan Chen, Yun-Zhu Song","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-06-27T12:32:36Z","title":"Shilling Black-box Review-based Recommender Systems through Fake Review Generation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.16526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:71fc98928a369581006abbf3d8807bad4d051cb1e4fcc53e858393038abb96b7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"36b1ee34de8fb9d67b76a4026168dc6efc05f8f6a1f14f155eb7d9512c6c5b09","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.SI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-06-27T12:32:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"396eac90ff821c735c7d0c3c063f436ad206693b5a15bf39882ab0fa4f7a0cb0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.16526","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"67011c7e1e8c5ab37ee9d41f458c87a25e517aa76b49e677d885763b8c467bf4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"67011c7e1e8c5ab37ee9d41f458c87a25e517aa76b49e677d885763b8c467bf4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05.624375Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05.624375Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6WKq9xyuCFamjq3NtsI/BnRxdK3oeRo79HTYZh7F49vrxWIqUFLW8XyNlniwc3Lvaphk6sCpkEEbVIpkgaSwBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:26:05.624923Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.16526","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:71fc98928a369581006abbf3d8807bad4d051cb1e4fcc53e858393038abb96b7","sha256:66966548c4bae59f290f179dec0f04a152bdc1acb744a2f8049e17b77cc74620"],"state_sha256":"dcc7f2cfd320d95f8263530f835baf98cb6f6e27218f2b4bfee2ab05ee6223c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/5RXaTs8gYuiwPOK1YEnup0nNbT58VSkYBbDxz4XMRF50i+Vhh0V4aUJl5eA91wWh639ma3kwtS3nZckAI1DAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:29:47.776756Z","bundle_sha256":"7d7093d006ddf8262b3e15dd4b311ec6d45711cadf47bc4aa45bc505c0adf949"}}