{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR","short_pith_number":"pith:M4EAF34P","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.12735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-11-24T19:00:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"501c5e185faa9892147db2eefad7872f221dc9ccafe037004b55e8a7a475d080","abstract_canon_sha256":"c56d7b27c5ac7041a68e3833092beab953333f422ee0c6241effc6577fb318bc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"670802ef8f5567de6b3ff6339868be54781ea0272e3cae6d9e39fb8f46fd3ef9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2111.12735","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.12735","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.12735v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.12735","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M4EAF34PKVT5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M4EAF34PKVT542Z7","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M4EAF34P","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.12735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-11-24T19:00:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"501c5e185faa9892147db2eefad7872f221dc9ccafe037004b55e8a7a475d080","abstract_canon_sha256":"c56d7b27c5ac7041a68e3833092beab953333f422ee0c6241effc6577fb318bc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"670802ef8f5567de6b3ff6339868be54781ea0272e3cae6d9e39fb8f46fd3ef9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54.570658Z","signature_b64":"jyyKl+45+wf4wMY+ijerzgBIy8UWooMIGcQrcX0VxAzkCTmOfRFi42mumIC3KXiFSzxwR2hTLwxJognTjVgkBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"670802ef8f5567de6b3ff6339868be54781ea0272e3cae6d9e39fb8f46fd3ef9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54.570240Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54.570240Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2111.12735","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hDYifzl2mnPuFQbQ9OHK/XUvBzxkWkSndz3/83LuP5dMQDSsFfZVMs2e8mgOmmwbzC8benmKUpXZ6OMpYSTvAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T16:12:21.317830Z"},"content_sha256":"1ffbf8d87b0c67fa18c2de59bc437f7750dd60e93bec7d6797bf03f3619dfb3c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1ffbf8d87b0c67fa18c2de59bc437f7750dd60e93bec7d6797bf03f3619dfb3c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Stars Crushed by Black Holes. I. On the Energy Distribution of Stellar Debris in Tidal Disruption Events","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Chris Nixon, Eric R. Coughlin, Sarah Norman","submitted_at":"2021-11-24T19:00:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The distribution of orbital energies imparted into stellar debris following the close encounter of a star with a supermassive black hole is the principal factor in determining the rate of return of debris to the black hole, and thus in determining the properties of the resulting lightcurves from such events. We present simulations of tidal disruption events for a range of $\\beta\\equiv r_{\\rm t}/r_{\\rm p}$ where $r_{\\rm p}$ is the pericentre distance and $r_{\\rm t}$ the tidal radius. We perform these simulations at different spatial resolutions to determine the numerical convergence of our mode"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.12735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2111.12735/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iXXjjuQBjkOSMbxpzgGRMrL9mtUpUWnlRIN6BaNZFtw/J2Is5tPS4nFd4maI5Nuxfl4Z/ihgIvZufi1oXU64BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T16:12:21.318211Z"},"content_sha256":"1685964d284c5c693ccc82ae95cceed1d2f60fd82014640545d11c6022edfee5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1685964d284c5c693ccc82ae95cceed1d2f60fd82014640545d11c6022edfee5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T16:12:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:M4EAF34PKVT542Z76YZZQ2F6KR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c56d7b27c5ac7041a68e3833092beab953333f422ee0c6241effc6577fb318bc","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-11-24T19:00:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"501c5e185faa9892147db2eefad7872f221dc9ccafe037004b55e8a7a475d080"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.12735","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.12735","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.12735v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.12735","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M4EAF34PKVT5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M4EAF34PKVT542Z7","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M4EAF34P","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1685964d284c5c693ccc82ae95cceed1d2f60fd82014640545d11c6022edfee5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2111.12735/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The distribution of orbital energies imparted into stellar debris following the close encounter of a star with a supermassive black hole is the principal factor in determining the rate of return of debris to the black hole, and thus in determining the properties of the resulting lightcurves from such events. We present simulations of tidal disruption events for a range of $\\beta\\equiv r_{\\rm t}/r_{\\rm p}$ where $r_{\\rm p}$ is the pericentre distance and $r_{\\rm t}$ the tidal radius. We perform these simulations at different spatial resolutions to determine the numerical convergence of our mode","authors_text":"Chris Nixon, Eric R. Coughlin, Sarah Norman","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-11-24T19:00:11Z","title":"Stars Crushed by Black Holes. I. On the Energy Distribution of Stellar Debris in Tidal Disruption Events"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.12735","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1ffbf8d87b0c67fa18c2de59bc437f7750dd60e93bec7d6797bf03f3619dfb3c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c56d7b27c5ac7041a68e3833092beab953333f422ee0c6241effc6577fb318bc","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-11-24T19:00:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"501c5e185faa9892147db2eefad7872f221dc9ccafe037004b55e8a7a475d080"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.12735","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"670802ef8f5567de6b3ff6339868be54781ea0272e3cae6d9e39fb8f46fd3ef9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"670802ef8f5567de6b3ff6339868be54781ea0272e3cae6d9e39fb8f46fd3ef9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54.570240Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54.570240Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jyyKl+45+wf4wMY+ijerzgBIy8UWooMIGcQrcX0VxAzkCTmOfRFi42mumIC3KXiFSzxwR2hTLwxJognTjVgkBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:54.570658Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2111.12735","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1ffbf8d87b0c67fa18c2de59bc437f7750dd60e93bec7d6797bf03f3619dfb3c","sha256:1685964d284c5c693ccc82ae95cceed1d2f60fd82014640545d11c6022edfee5"],"state_sha256":"69b73eb0518e30fb6fae3eae1a7136d48c604eab68764c546fab1c9179186f3b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k4pzU04GHpDMKFdFyIRs4zgWQZPZDPii3wCDiTT9fCkFIxFrpPzvWvQIz77PIamCB9HW9nKOgZpRcRB/S2EdAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T16:12:21.320829Z","bundle_sha256":"b68ba3fbc50703cd6e7ef382232dddecd076fd9ba40a2687119561f700a4d198"}}