{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45","short_pith_number":"pith:M5NVTBLD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.06183","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-14T18:00:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f7d5a1b3b752499bcecfa0a29805d48ce1246911db4f4867b13c4b7fd29d1731","abstract_canon_sha256":"e206960ec0823b1fbb91ed5bde3b1dd2c28145ce4f12ed58f819b3c33ab06905"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"675b598563d67c9f869fdcdb5f55e9e77a345be2301beb518a0076ae3b21e6ae","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.06183","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.06183","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.06183v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.06183","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5NVTBLD2Z6J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5NVTBLD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.06183","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-14T18:00:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f7d5a1b3b752499bcecfa0a29805d48ce1246911db4f4867b13c4b7fd29d1731","abstract_canon_sha256":"e206960ec0823b1fbb91ed5bde3b1dd2c28145ce4f12ed58f819b3c33ab06905"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"675b598563d67c9f869fdcdb5f55e9e77a345be2301beb518a0076ae3b21e6ae","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25.311761Z","signature_b64":"4SnTIHmO10xtDupg0bEp1WpiMKEInwKGTDsRGE8Slk0CtI3BSwwcAEAv9rUKyoNwNPxP9WAU1jv/pp+MAtIGDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"675b598563d67c9f869fdcdb5f55e9e77a345be2301beb518a0076ae3b21e6ae","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25.311149Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25.311149Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.06183","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uSEzHdv1XCkXXHuj1zkYXilg1VRa16WJkZ9eEAa05jfenfgr9vB9FeMcmowVJd6wgEGGlxAQA7dmgiLxX1UxDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T07:37:51.412546Z"},"content_sha256":"5168ef9ef4dfe5d0b077d81d3d9a036e287914374a92e89299e2fe119318e5a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5168ef9ef4dfe5d0b077d81d3d9a036e287914374a92e89299e2fe119318e5a6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Non-equilibrium Ionization States Within Galactic Outflows: Explaining Their O VI and N V Column Densities","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Evan Scannapieco, Matthew D. Lehnert, William J Gray","submitted_at":"2019-03-14T18:00:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a suite of one-dimensional spherically-symmetric hydrodynamic simulations that study the atomic ionization structure of galactic outflows. We track the ionization state of the outflowing gas with a non-equilibrium atomic chemistry network that includes photoionization, photo-heating, and ion-by-ion cooling. Each simulation describes a steady-state outflow that is defined by its mass and energy input rates, sonic radius, metallicity, and UV flux from both the host galaxy and meta-galactic background. We find that for a large range of parameter choices, the ionization state of the mat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.06183","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"db7SFmtJWsavacha4bOKx5uVrgxC3rxbUE98E9nFoat1acI/qqJDx0iJiprDfabHLt9zY2HeCVQ15SGBCUuVAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T07:37:51.413168Z"},"content_sha256":"73d48a3591c9ba06d6d2d0892ba31311ebd930cf9d77bb6ed3809683616423fc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73d48a3591c9ba06d6d2d0892ba31311ebd930cf9d77bb6ed3809683616423fc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T07:37:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU73TNV6VPJ45","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e206960ec0823b1fbb91ed5bde3b1dd2c28145ce4f12ed58f819b3c33ab06905","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-14T18:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"f7d5a1b3b752499bcecfa0a29805d48ce1246911db4f4867b13c4b7fd29d1731"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.06183","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.06183","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.06183v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.06183","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5NVTBLD2Z6J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5NVTBLD2Z6J7BU7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5NVTBLD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:73d48a3591c9ba06d6d2d0892ba31311ebd930cf9d77bb6ed3809683616423fc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a suite of one-dimensional spherically-symmetric hydrodynamic simulations that study the atomic ionization structure of galactic outflows. We track the ionization state of the outflowing gas with a non-equilibrium atomic chemistry network that includes photoionization, photo-heating, and ion-by-ion cooling. Each simulation describes a steady-state outflow that is defined by its mass and energy input rates, sonic radius, metallicity, and UV flux from both the host galaxy and meta-galactic background. We find that for a large range of parameter choices, the ionization state of the mat","authors_text":"Evan Scannapieco, Matthew D. Lehnert, William J Gray","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-14T18:00:05Z","title":"Non-equilibrium Ionization States Within Galactic Outflows: Explaining Their O VI and N V Column Densities"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.06183","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5168ef9ef4dfe5d0b077d81d3d9a036e287914374a92e89299e2fe119318e5a6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e206960ec0823b1fbb91ed5bde3b1dd2c28145ce4f12ed58f819b3c33ab06905","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-14T18:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"f7d5a1b3b752499bcecfa0a29805d48ce1246911db4f4867b13c4b7fd29d1731"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.06183","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"675b598563d67c9f869fdcdb5f55e9e77a345be2301beb518a0076ae3b21e6ae","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"675b598563d67c9f869fdcdb5f55e9e77a345be2301beb518a0076ae3b21e6ae","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25.311149Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25.311149Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4SnTIHmO10xtDupg0bEp1WpiMKEInwKGTDsRGE8Slk0CtI3BSwwcAEAv9rUKyoNwNPxP9WAU1jv/pp+MAtIGDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:25.311761Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.06183","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5168ef9ef4dfe5d0b077d81d3d9a036e287914374a92e89299e2fe119318e5a6","sha256:73d48a3591c9ba06d6d2d0892ba31311ebd930cf9d77bb6ed3809683616423fc"],"state_sha256":"0d01bead95c6371be1076a7ce791958f72bbabd26948d5180d0211d028584f90"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PfaQ+GYEAZqiND8SKdYXym1TXqedXZlICjhruNvMZcVpcrrI2h5p3p5uqkIs7B/7uBoX7FgV2VPuC69lGV/mBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T07:37:51.416700Z","bundle_sha256":"9b21d33105cc2a418d8e910cdc56675d46ea41c4f2e02a7a7e4db14422c31ed4"}}