{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH","short_pith_number":"pith:M5PTZYUI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.14174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-28T15:20:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a25986c07fde4fb4ca7964ca0b4a8309813fb17338240050e656cc0256e04a55","abstract_canon_sha256":"6aa9bded83d379348de7868be08fd0f1122be953867eb9a8e801a1f6e5fac767"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"675f3ce288eb1b6186fdbbfd6ce4d699d6c53bb70cec4f195932ebb5a632ac51","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2111.14174","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.14174","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.14174v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.14174","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5PTZYUI5MNW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5PTZYUI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.14174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-28T15:20:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a25986c07fde4fb4ca7964ca0b4a8309813fb17338240050e656cc0256e04a55","abstract_canon_sha256":"6aa9bded83d379348de7868be08fd0f1122be953867eb9a8e801a1f6e5fac767"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"675f3ce288eb1b6186fdbbfd6ce4d699d6c53bb70cec4f195932ebb5a632ac51","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37.182046Z","signature_b64":"lXS/IfMDKYKyg11EaSbKqqtUKWnf30naGvX+wqHTBBi6EvhlGit5Z4VsTdsxIB7c1is0VYZzJG1JkUZugHy3Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"675f3ce288eb1b6186fdbbfd6ce4d699d6c53bb70cec4f195932ebb5a632ac51","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37.181542Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37.181542Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2111.14174","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ml8iPmNT2uJk+DhOw6hVKdN0unTbAHGZ0hzkL8fxgNjGK2+Hq37loOL83taAtdTV1L6B3OKTuzDCmE4FHET3AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:53.540164Z"},"content_sha256":"3b3e18d839fcaeedce992345429206ad59a4498187e6a2488980366a262cedc4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3b3e18d839fcaeedce992345429206ad59a4498187e6a2488980366a262cedc4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dark energy model with very large-scale inhomogeneity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Yue Nan","submitted_at":"2021-11-28T15:20:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider a dynamical model for dark energy based on an ultralight mass scalar field with very large-scale inhomogeneities. This model may cause observable impacts on the anisotropic properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) intensity and luminosity distance. We formulate the model as the cosmological perturbations of the superhorizon scales, focusing on the local region of our universe. Moreover, we investigated the characteristic properties of the late-time evolution of inhomogeneous dark energy. Our numerical solutions show that the model can mimic the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosm"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.14174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2111.14174/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WFVFFcvQEOIh5MgjPi/fBrTYNirDt+ADw+78jP7upx9O7w6Emxw97cWVcsoMTQB8jLaRBWn5+pC9j+e0M9mMBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:53.540771Z"},"content_sha256":"8a411daa7ec20f829c3977a00f62d8952de92a9e0dce0447123d348f187e56f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8a411daa7ec20f829c3977a00f62d8952de92a9e0dce0447123d348f187e56f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5XP6WZZGWTH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6aa9bded83d379348de7868be08fd0f1122be953867eb9a8e801a1f6e5fac767","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-28T15:20:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"a25986c07fde4fb4ca7964ca0b4a8309813fb17338240050e656cc0256e04a55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.14174","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.14174","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.14174v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.14174","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5PTZYUI5MNW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5PTZYUI5MNWDBX5","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5PTZYUI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8a411daa7ec20f829c3977a00f62d8952de92a9e0dce0447123d348f187e56f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2111.14174/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider a dynamical model for dark energy based on an ultralight mass scalar field with very large-scale inhomogeneities. This model may cause observable impacts on the anisotropic properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) intensity and luminosity distance. We formulate the model as the cosmological perturbations of the superhorizon scales, focusing on the local region of our universe. Moreover, we investigated the characteristic properties of the late-time evolution of inhomogeneous dark energy. Our numerical solutions show that the model can mimic the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosm","authors_text":"Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Yue Nan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-28T15:20:06Z","title":"Dark energy model with very large-scale inhomogeneity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.14174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3b3e18d839fcaeedce992345429206ad59a4498187e6a2488980366a262cedc4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6aa9bded83d379348de7868be08fd0f1122be953867eb9a8e801a1f6e5fac767","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-28T15:20:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"a25986c07fde4fb4ca7964ca0b4a8309813fb17338240050e656cc0256e04a55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.14174","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"675f3ce288eb1b6186fdbbfd6ce4d699d6c53bb70cec4f195932ebb5a632ac51","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"675f3ce288eb1b6186fdbbfd6ce4d699d6c53bb70cec4f195932ebb5a632ac51","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37.181542Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37.181542Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lXS/IfMDKYKyg11EaSbKqqtUKWnf30naGvX+wqHTBBi6EvhlGit5Z4VsTdsxIB7c1is0VYZzJG1JkUZugHy3Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:12:37.182046Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2111.14174","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3b3e18d839fcaeedce992345429206ad59a4498187e6a2488980366a262cedc4","sha256:8a411daa7ec20f829c3977a00f62d8952de92a9e0dce0447123d348f187e56f5"],"state_sha256":"9860e54e20b05daef932e94b8bee1cbb7957eb1b324c05dffd99f2aec1a70e56"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6ec6hNHr3JYP5BcKZn/n+cO1N3T2y1Z0raUttHUcHfb28zD7IBidNOX6aTHqIZon7YMM2BL0/U5hMZyrFWKGDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T17:53:53.545841Z","bundle_sha256":"1a6ad0bc7830848308132329fa33f7f9f3eee2df01cbc24a826944fa0ce9a59c"}}