{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2","short_pith_number":"pith:M5WI6O74","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-09-29T22:17:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"57ab075936cc580365d3c2b87fe35c9a7799a7f2b535e32aadff07d10bcb9152","abstract_canon_sha256":"62e78eed49ff929fc07951ceac0c3d83608265b6af5b29e3c6f747f090b3e770"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"676c8f3bfcc465f7c18f18c6921fec5e90fa26e85093ab33cad287c33b0f5022","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2010.00002","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.00002v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5WI6O74YRS7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5WI6O74YRS7PQMP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5WI6O74","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-09-29T22:17:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"57ab075936cc580365d3c2b87fe35c9a7799a7f2b535e32aadff07d10bcb9152","abstract_canon_sha256":"62e78eed49ff929fc07951ceac0c3d83608265b6af5b29e3c6f747f090b3e770"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"676c8f3bfcc465f7c18f18c6921fec5e90fa26e85093ab33cad287c33b0f5022","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09.357712Z","signature_b64":"E4MJZ7vp7lY0DuzfdaQuvXU5B5UgQkcBfoCOed+3SFfH7/VzBVdNYL4Fxq16aoQhkpH8e4M7kErU7pM4Uwh3Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"676c8f3bfcc465f7c18f18c6921fec5e90fa26e85093ab33cad287c33b0f5022","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09.357287Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09.357287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2010.00002","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v9AG4FQbPcuTxQWFUMGCY+wON7r32MATM5or/qFrSZS3PW/uBaHDJELZE3OGhT3x/A+A3wahPrZxPEkznvPHAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-17T00:36:22.635092Z"},"content_sha256":"b7f0280f6c7512a3d19ba2e9cc9d21f6eeb134eea1d8ad5f7607f321a8486fd8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7f0280f6c7512a3d19ba2e9cc9d21f6eeb134eea1d8ad5f7607f321a8486fd8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Chemically Homogeneous Evolution: A rapid population synthesis approach","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Alejandro Vigna-Gomez, Coenraad Neijssel, Ellen Butler, Ilya Mandel, Jeff Riley, Kaila Nathaniel, Pablo Marchant, Spencer Shortt","submitted_at":"2020-09-29T22:17:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"We explore chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) as a formation channel for massive merging binary black holes (BBHs). We develop methods to include CHE in a rapid binary population synthesis code, Compact Object Mergers: Population Astrophysics and Statistics (COMPAS), which combines realistic models of binary evolution with cosmological models of the star-formation history of the Universe. For the first time, we simultaneously explore conventional isolated binary star evolution under the same set of assumptions. This approach allows us to constrain population properties and make simultaneou"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2010.00002/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ADj5LLOtINjrwrY25dirxq2VN/srtzCkcu835Y4/OAga8Yw98EKXBal+HNREtdx4RR6rJEWUBg40To0at/TBBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-17T00:36:22.635477Z"},"content_sha256":"52f20f3ee2e48ff3ee8bde94b5fd4633c42a5e4d4dc291279a328c0c85397af1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:52f20f3ee2e48ff3ee8bde94b5fd4633c42a5e4d4dc291279a328c0c85397af1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-17T00:36:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:M5WI6O74YRS7PQMPDDDJEH7ML2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"62e78eed49ff929fc07951ceac0c3d83608265b6af5b29e3c6f747f090b3e770","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-09-29T22:17:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"57ab075936cc580365d3c2b87fe35c9a7799a7f2b535e32aadff07d10bcb9152"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.00002v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5WI6O74YRS7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5WI6O74YRS7PQMP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5WI6O74","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:52f20f3ee2e48ff3ee8bde94b5fd4633c42a5e4d4dc291279a328c0c85397af1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2010.00002/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We explore chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) as a formation channel for massive merging binary black holes (BBHs). We develop methods to include CHE in a rapid binary population synthesis code, Compact Object Mergers: Population Astrophysics and Statistics (COMPAS), which combines realistic models of binary evolution with cosmological models of the star-formation history of the Universe. For the first time, we simultaneously explore conventional isolated binary star evolution under the same set of assumptions. This approach allows us to constrain population properties and make simultaneou","authors_text":"Alejandro Vigna-Gomez, Coenraad Neijssel, Ellen Butler, Ilya Mandel, Jeff Riley, Kaila Nathaniel, Pablo Marchant, Spencer Shortt","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-09-29T22:17:57Z","title":"Chemically Homogeneous Evolution: A rapid population synthesis approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b7f0280f6c7512a3d19ba2e9cc9d21f6eeb134eea1d8ad5f7607f321a8486fd8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"62e78eed49ff929fc07951ceac0c3d83608265b6af5b29e3c6f747f090b3e770","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2020-09-29T22:17:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"57ab075936cc580365d3c2b87fe35c9a7799a7f2b535e32aadff07d10bcb9152"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"676c8f3bfcc465f7c18f18c6921fec5e90fa26e85093ab33cad287c33b0f5022","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"676c8f3bfcc465f7c18f18c6921fec5e90fa26e85093ab33cad287c33b0f5022","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09.357287Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09.357287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"E4MJZ7vp7lY0DuzfdaQuvXU5B5UgQkcBfoCOed+3SFfH7/VzBVdNYL4Fxq16aoQhkpH8e4M7kErU7pM4Uwh3Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:09.357712Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2010.00002","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b7f0280f6c7512a3d19ba2e9cc9d21f6eeb134eea1d8ad5f7607f321a8486fd8","sha256:52f20f3ee2e48ff3ee8bde94b5fd4633c42a5e4d4dc291279a328c0c85397af1"],"state_sha256":"2bae55e962ae47b1b1225348abf3c58be79292a5f1b67e7edb9eb47837b22d5b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Yryc3zbg3B8ukhEUTaIYUH2tglrHvSdfCXA9HELg/LqaH0DEqAEngjC9BgYKQWZbSbLw+Hz1+F42dUdJtyWBAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-17T00:36:22.637572Z","bundle_sha256":"93f5004ea26189f1f1c70f591049de940ee0c0343cdb82a82c4731c3cde6e411"}}