{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV","short_pith_number":"pith:M5ZCIK4U","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2211.06974","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2022-11-13T17:50:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"6413bb74cc164e350212716d61f110a50243ea6b6f4b047e976716aa6b01b837","abstract_canon_sha256":"41acfda0f288bc46b8639a42b03d9d0778ca3911de39fa8e43c9ce4b5a495cb2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6772242b940b58f92d1d4f2e2c2059ad4660fbf81d8a773141a894386f57bc09","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2211.06974","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2211.06974","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2211.06974v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2211.06974","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5ZCIK4UBNMP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5ZCIK4U","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2211.06974","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2022-11-13T17:50:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"6413bb74cc164e350212716d61f110a50243ea6b6f4b047e976716aa6b01b837","abstract_canon_sha256":"41acfda0f288bc46b8639a42b03d9d0778ca3911de39fa8e43c9ce4b5a495cb2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6772242b940b58f92d1d4f2e2c2059ad4660fbf81d8a773141a894386f57bc09","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48.164207Z","signature_b64":"CVIcQdcgdVfxUwlvhdqgkPHPaaahgNfE2UhjO01vdNXgxoP+ozeC8Ymm7YnJw2u8ZevX9BTdIfh16eiFEqD5DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6772242b940b58f92d1d4f2e2c2059ad4660fbf81d8a773141a894386f57bc09","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48.163744Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48.163744Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2211.06974","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m2ID6iFaM2I0GOz5FtvF56oMkIyIeCJ/tZRRtMj49vxHfw7zud7Tfft9M/lFrVrL4UBzIk8B1x4CtSc9RMTkCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T15:36:56.768245Z"},"content_sha256":"42f03ea71fb2f275888f6be787db04157cb4a3a5cf9526df019067716dca2237","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:42f03ea71fb2f275888f6be787db04157cb4a3a5cf9526df019067716dca2237"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Comparison between Network-Controlled Repeaters and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","eess.SP","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Behrooz Makki, Boris Dortschy, Charitha Madapatha, Hao Guo, Lei Bao, Magnus {\\AA}str\\\"om, Tommy Svensson","submitted_at":"2022-11-13T17:50:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Network-controlled repeater (NCR) has been recently considered as a study-item in 3GPP Release 18, and the discussions are continuing in a work-item. In this paper, we introduce the concept of NCRs, as a possible low-complexity device to support for network densification and compare the performance of the NCRs with those achieved by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). The results are presented for the cases with different beamforming methods and hardware impairment models of the RIS. Moreover, we introduce the objectives of the 3GPP Release 18 NCR work-item and study the effect of diff"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2211.06974","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2211.06974/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QV5qZW1uHlEin1jkS44TdIhi3lmHoPhjo68TCrL7Q2nyXP51mY5uhYKtYXB9BeVwIbbpjjMcQYQRShqSbqsfBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T15:36:56.768836Z"},"content_sha256":"c11863bf8067dac5022aee0d1318009636e7e4cf21120985edfd3aaa8b53d277","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c11863bf8067dac5022aee0d1318009636e7e4cf21120985edfd3aaa8b53d277"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T15:36:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5J4XCYICZVV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41acfda0f288bc46b8639a42b03d9d0778ca3911de39fa8e43c9ce4b5a495cb2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2022-11-13T17:50:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"6413bb74cc164e350212716d61f110a50243ea6b6f4b047e976716aa6b01b837"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2211.06974","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2211.06974","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2211.06974v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2211.06974","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M5ZCIK4UBNMP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M5ZCIK4UBNMPSLI5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M5ZCIK4U","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c11863bf8067dac5022aee0d1318009636e7e4cf21120985edfd3aaa8b53d277","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2211.06974/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Network-controlled repeater (NCR) has been recently considered as a study-item in 3GPP Release 18, and the discussions are continuing in a work-item. In this paper, we introduce the concept of NCRs, as a possible low-complexity device to support for network densification and compare the performance of the NCRs with those achieved by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). The results are presented for the cases with different beamforming methods and hardware impairment models of the RIS. Moreover, we introduce the objectives of the 3GPP Release 18 NCR work-item and study the effect of diff","authors_text":"Behrooz Makki, Boris Dortschy, Charitha Madapatha, Hao Guo, Lei Bao, Magnus {\\AA}str\\\"om, Tommy Svensson","cross_cats":["cs.IT","eess.SP","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2022-11-13T17:50:22Z","title":"A Comparison between Network-Controlled Repeaters and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2211.06974","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:42f03ea71fb2f275888f6be787db04157cb4a3a5cf9526df019067716dca2237","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41acfda0f288bc46b8639a42b03d9d0778ca3911de39fa8e43c9ce4b5a495cb2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2022-11-13T17:50:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"6413bb74cc164e350212716d61f110a50243ea6b6f4b047e976716aa6b01b837"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2211.06974","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6772242b940b58f92d1d4f2e2c2059ad4660fbf81d8a773141a894386f57bc09","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6772242b940b58f92d1d4f2e2c2059ad4660fbf81d8a773141a894386f57bc09","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48.163744Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48.163744Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CVIcQdcgdVfxUwlvhdqgkPHPaaahgNfE2UhjO01vdNXgxoP+ozeC8Ymm7YnJw2u8ZevX9BTdIfh16eiFEqD5DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:48.164207Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2211.06974","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:42f03ea71fb2f275888f6be787db04157cb4a3a5cf9526df019067716dca2237","sha256:c11863bf8067dac5022aee0d1318009636e7e4cf21120985edfd3aaa8b53d277"],"state_sha256":"cafd1e2de17bf3c1718a274396d9b627adb60f4eb90670d29b7adca40e2e5366"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uNDxh1b7EZedfbKBJscge6cuyCnib/n24wkbuKATk3oJKmrZh1nwk42Y5SxSpCWjuJ5QhquEwyH7tz6GhCWvCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T15:36:56.773231Z","bundle_sha256":"3a6f994259bfd558922a42617777332a2309638d08290659cf008bdb36a8b65f"}}