{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42","short_pith_number":"pith:M6E5WKMY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.07024","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-01-21T18:26:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a0993e5b16d32bf31295b0588232afe9f13f215de9737eec474a26df41e65180","abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cac5cf234a0e00cef425816235c0e2c035cea04b7d82d7e6b538d75fbe2ab7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6789db2998b15859afe46ab6395aa1e6a7a56cdfcc20f2b5626aa090cc047961","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.07024","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.07024","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.07024v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.07024","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M6E5WKMYWFMF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M6E5WKMY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.07024","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-01-21T18:26:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a0993e5b16d32bf31295b0588232afe9f13f215de9737eec474a26df41e65180","abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cac5cf234a0e00cef425816235c0e2c035cea04b7d82d7e6b538d75fbe2ab7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6789db2998b15859afe46ab6395aa1e6a7a56cdfcc20f2b5626aa090cc047961","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39.521643Z","signature_b64":"RaOc1ga9Tpuda9l7CbfmLJIV915O6KxROU26PNJUNnl3FX8Lo05LyrhvZJJqJfxo7bq/+jvHw9C00fyEKIIeAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6789db2998b15859afe46ab6395aa1e6a7a56cdfcc20f2b5626aa090cc047961","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39.521175Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39.521175Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.07024","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IZtQrqjIZM5YqxvnhJmJBrsVnP3x4+iKW1vPfiIoXmXLm9nnqKSeTepr9ybGliHvLa+oa2S1fZ3xts/eIsGoAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T06:28:42.495694Z"},"content_sha256":"57538a992f2014f7a1a176d2d71dac1d633adee734edd9b432c260a879fc4155","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:57538a992f2014f7a1a176d2d71dac1d633adee734edd9b432c260a879fc4155"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Temporal Discounting in Technical Debt: How do Software Practitioners Discount the Future?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Alexandros Chatzigeorgiou, Christoph Becker, Fabian Fagerholm, Rahul Mohanani","submitted_at":"2019-01-21T18:26:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"Technical Debt management decisions always imply a trade-off among outcomes at different points in time. In such intertemporal choices, distant outcomes are often valued lower than close ones, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. Technical Debt research largely develops prescriptive approaches for how software engineers should make such decisions. Few have studied how they actually make them. This leaves open central questions about how software practitioners make decisions.\n  This paper investigates how software practitioners discount uncertain future outcomes and whether they exhibit "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.07024","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z7FFjsvBG4DlZlvD5ybZoDOQVAZrEYPMXJO8ZU3Ctg7kNg3iKITWVeqk6Jz1eZT812hxzq8xJa/OTQ6y/skTBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T06:28:42.496342Z"},"content_sha256":"108f9b1c630687d4fbd10fe15dd465d85141f3be7d50f596125f1729d2150be8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:108f9b1c630687d4fbd10fe15dd465d85141f3be7d50f596125f1729d2150be8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T06:28:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7ENK3DSWVB42","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cac5cf234a0e00cef425816235c0e2c035cea04b7d82d7e6b538d75fbe2ab7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-01-21T18:26:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"a0993e5b16d32bf31295b0588232afe9f13f215de9737eec474a26df41e65180"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.07024","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.07024","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.07024v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.07024","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M6E5WKMYWFMF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M6E5WKMYWFMFTL7E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M6E5WKMY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:108f9b1c630687d4fbd10fe15dd465d85141f3be7d50f596125f1729d2150be8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Technical Debt management decisions always imply a trade-off among outcomes at different points in time. In such intertemporal choices, distant outcomes are often valued lower than close ones, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. Technical Debt research largely develops prescriptive approaches for how software engineers should make such decisions. Few have studied how they actually make them. This leaves open central questions about how software practitioners make decisions.\n  This paper investigates how software practitioners discount uncertain future outcomes and whether they exhibit ","authors_text":"Alexandros Chatzigeorgiou, Christoph Becker, Fabian Fagerholm, Rahul Mohanani","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-01-21T18:26:58Z","title":"Temporal Discounting in Technical Debt: How do Software Practitioners Discount the Future?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.07024","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:57538a992f2014f7a1a176d2d71dac1d633adee734edd9b432c260a879fc4155","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b7cac5cf234a0e00cef425816235c0e2c035cea04b7d82d7e6b538d75fbe2ab7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-01-21T18:26:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"a0993e5b16d32bf31295b0588232afe9f13f215de9737eec474a26df41e65180"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.07024","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6789db2998b15859afe46ab6395aa1e6a7a56cdfcc20f2b5626aa090cc047961","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6789db2998b15859afe46ab6395aa1e6a7a56cdfcc20f2b5626aa090cc047961","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39.521175Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39.521175Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RaOc1ga9Tpuda9l7CbfmLJIV915O6KxROU26PNJUNnl3FX8Lo05LyrhvZJJqJfxo7bq/+jvHw9C00fyEKIIeAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:49:39.521643Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.07024","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:57538a992f2014f7a1a176d2d71dac1d633adee734edd9b432c260a879fc4155","sha256:108f9b1c630687d4fbd10fe15dd465d85141f3be7d50f596125f1729d2150be8"],"state_sha256":"6b11ef27ae096177cdcc67dfd5a8e222482144b218da6275cf66d7417e42d0c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8Y2tkerzJLTduvk2nsecaUJIwCdtjBdyNjtjHWMZ6wc0zaAElJ2uteEsNhr6zT7RY71GXIqtC0XutOzOAc3RAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T06:28:42.499480Z","bundle_sha256":"1e5fc8119f9c8a06db0f8b6fc1530120cc6816a9173aa21cb449c9c02fb907f2"}}