{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X","short_pith_number":"pith:M7JVJCNR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.10414","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-05-26T02:39:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3ed4b25f63d97e48c07b9ce94071d4fc204a8f97a5ebfcc9d1d60581b366d50d","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ce1d31f73c1a5121ad094c0775e8795ca69114a7aafcf9a157dccea6568e129"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"67d35489b18255f457f6cde4182d98f5e5645234931763cc8844e53d95ac8af5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.10414","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.10414","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.10414v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.10414","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M7JVJCNRQJK7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M7JVJCNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.10414","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-05-26T02:39:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3ed4b25f63d97e48c07b9ce94071d4fc204a8f97a5ebfcc9d1d60581b366d50d","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ce1d31f73c1a5121ad094c0775e8795ca69114a7aafcf9a157dccea6568e129"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"67d35489b18255f457f6cde4182d98f5e5645234931763cc8844e53d95ac8af5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52.578774Z","signature_b64":"Cql8GqfUCTceYNIpctJ1wy8umtNy0QEwqckzSasZu7Nf1Z4h2I6rvdjfG+bWwtHZcmiVRxtHnslzQvH3sri5Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"67d35489b18255f457f6cde4182d98f5e5645234931763cc8844e53d95ac8af5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52.577971Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52.577971Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1805.10414","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5t5kxxnPRDaQr6wAmM1zHfz72c3J+/DByb4Qy7ZP+lVTVceXPke8Y0oKz/uVbjaybrb/eVMEEj7VPoYJDLJ6AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T22:11:08.551806Z"},"content_sha256":"4d2e32f3eaa472b013be91d2474b06070f3c16e7f607ba64811e7237c9b780bb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4d2e32f3eaa472b013be91d2474b06070f3c16e7f607ba64811e7237c9b780bb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Connecting Distant Entities with Induction through Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition: Precursor-Induced CRF","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Jinwook Choi, Wangjin Lee","submitted_at":"2018-05-26T02:39:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a method of designing specific high-order dependency factor on the linear chain conditional random fields (CRFs) for named entity recognition (NER). Named entities tend to be separated from each other by multiple outside tokens in a text, and thus the first-order CRF, as well as the second-order CRF, may innately lose transition information between distant named entities. The proposed design uses outside label in NER as a transmission medium of precedent entity information on the CRF. Then, empirical results apparently demonstrate that it is possible to exploit long-distanc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.10414","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4wPPUez9yAe6cSvWDxsq2JJPvuX5HJSOTFd5XU77k9o6OoK/OZJIwI9/1ai//muQ9FsGl6QUM2uV0InUVVn2DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T22:11:08.552135Z"},"content_sha256":"b1aa795e3810ef2e29166d5285449983eb197bf8f0928ecb17eea8edc6fd1ef6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b1aa795e3810ef2e29166d5285449983eb197bf8f0928ecb17eea8edc6fd1ef6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-04T22:11:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7WZXSBQLMY6X","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ce1d31f73c1a5121ad094c0775e8795ca69114a7aafcf9a157dccea6568e129","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-05-26T02:39:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"3ed4b25f63d97e48c07b9ce94071d4fc204a8f97a5ebfcc9d1d60581b366d50d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.10414","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.10414","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.10414v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.10414","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"M7JVJCNRQJK7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"M7JVJCNRQJK7IV7W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"M7JVJCNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b1aa795e3810ef2e29166d5285449983eb197bf8f0928ecb17eea8edc6fd1ef6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a method of designing specific high-order dependency factor on the linear chain conditional random fields (CRFs) for named entity recognition (NER). Named entities tend to be separated from each other by multiple outside tokens in a text, and thus the first-order CRF, as well as the second-order CRF, may innately lose transition information between distant named entities. The proposed design uses outside label in NER as a transmission medium of precedent entity information on the CRF. Then, empirical results apparently demonstrate that it is possible to exploit long-distanc","authors_text":"Jinwook Choi, Wangjin Lee","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-05-26T02:39:10Z","title":"Connecting Distant Entities with Induction through Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition: Precursor-Induced CRF"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.10414","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4d2e32f3eaa472b013be91d2474b06070f3c16e7f607ba64811e7237c9b780bb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ce1d31f73c1a5121ad094c0775e8795ca69114a7aafcf9a157dccea6568e129","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-05-26T02:39:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"3ed4b25f63d97e48c07b9ce94071d4fc204a8f97a5ebfcc9d1d60581b366d50d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.10414","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"67d35489b18255f457f6cde4182d98f5e5645234931763cc8844e53d95ac8af5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"67d35489b18255f457f6cde4182d98f5e5645234931763cc8844e53d95ac8af5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52.577971Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52.577971Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Cql8GqfUCTceYNIpctJ1wy8umtNy0QEwqckzSasZu7Nf1Z4h2I6rvdjfG+bWwtHZcmiVRxtHnslzQvH3sri5Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:14:52.578774Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.10414","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4d2e32f3eaa472b013be91d2474b06070f3c16e7f607ba64811e7237c9b780bb","sha256:b1aa795e3810ef2e29166d5285449983eb197bf8f0928ecb17eea8edc6fd1ef6"],"state_sha256":"80e06327187e7a7ab79e194ec0eb2990c81b14b923405f7224bda9dc820ee908"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nzFGOJJrB8FCvAk8ykPPqNxZ5uFvWU8QxOQP3xv2f98HH9XJLbH4H/v4V6aUAPfxd22G28mwZxmO4u0IEYZ3CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T22:11:08.553943Z","bundle_sha256":"041f051d5278d608c422ead1f7fb70a9436dce7e6f9c8426db4f4630723c5f96"}}