{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ","short_pith_number":"pith:MACZWXEC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.09612","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-14T16:28:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3d0daeef1f26ab9b80fda2e1e3605171a8876a49b6370a07469e3e779c47dc45","abstract_canon_sha256":"66a40dc779ad5bc23b813afa2614f32d89dd5f5e30a92e0280ccd26483226e62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60059b5c823958346f5746744e775e0677ba7db4bc65bf4a3ed73819e85742a7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.09612","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.09612","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.09612v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.09612","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MACZWXECHFMD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MACZWXECHFMDI32X","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MACZWXEC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.09612","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-14T16:28:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3d0daeef1f26ab9b80fda2e1e3605171a8876a49b6370a07469e3e779c47dc45","abstract_canon_sha256":"66a40dc779ad5bc23b813afa2614f32d89dd5f5e30a92e0280ccd26483226e62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60059b5c823958346f5746744e775e0677ba7db4bc65bf4a3ed73819e85742a7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13.941361Z","signature_b64":"g+9KE/hlHSyOQEGfNNnXyikwBYVftLFLS4xcPPzMypHqQIiUDX/aPDEcrgVJ+AnRyRAD8V2xK+pA+k7olGXADQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"60059b5c823958346f5746744e775e0677ba7db4bc65bf4a3ed73819e85742a7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13.940868Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13.940868Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2310.09612","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mj5onSZ+BNs0JPctn3D7gDYiaO3AmpN7iXaZlE8Tz/mJ2LDtV/NmYXLaUnd/Rr5/j0bThd7LgPeHvYXEyAgbCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:35:37.282510Z"},"content_sha256":"9e48933ac4982b69d86b87585ae35c1f7cf73fc8c8446bb8affe3cc2876fdfef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9e48933ac4982b69d86b87585ae35c1f7cf73fc8c8446bb8affe3cc2876fdfef"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Deep Neural Networks Can Learn Generalizable Same-Different Visual Relations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Alexa R. Tartaglini, Brenden M. Lake, Charles Lovering, Ellie Pavlick, Michael A. Lepori, Sheridan Feucht, Wai Keen Vong","submitted_at":"2023-10-14T16:28:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Although deep neural networks can achieve human-level performance on many object recognition benchmarks, prior work suggests that these same models fail to learn simple abstract relations, such as determining whether two objects are the same or different. Much of this prior work focuses on training convolutional neural networks to classify images of two same or two different abstract shapes, testing generalization on within-distribution stimuli. In this article, we comprehensively study whether deep neural networks can acquire and generalize same-different relations both within and out-of-dist"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.09612","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.09612/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BMS0qLk2oMRCLxKidb8FTTYHzwDzkQbkpi/qNtJoOxD2SIx6Dq85/HJYCUsDs+70zgqjTc4vDV70jEcpLzC1DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:35:37.282892Z"},"content_sha256":"d042d62a7a94c19fd9e45180119816cf7fad87df7fe47ab6528ca0c099ac75c0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d042d62a7a94c19fd9e45180119816cf7fad87df7fe47ab6528ca0c099ac75c0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T19:35:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:MACZWXECHFMDI32XIZ2E4526AZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66a40dc779ad5bc23b813afa2614f32d89dd5f5e30a92e0280ccd26483226e62","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-14T16:28:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"3d0daeef1f26ab9b80fda2e1e3605171a8876a49b6370a07469e3e779c47dc45"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.09612","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.09612","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.09612v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.09612","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MACZWXECHFMD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MACZWXECHFMDI32X","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MACZWXEC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d042d62a7a94c19fd9e45180119816cf7fad87df7fe47ab6528ca0c099ac75c0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.09612/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Although deep neural networks can achieve human-level performance on many object recognition benchmarks, prior work suggests that these same models fail to learn simple abstract relations, such as determining whether two objects are the same or different. Much of this prior work focuses on training convolutional neural networks to classify images of two same or two different abstract shapes, testing generalization on within-distribution stimuli. In this article, we comprehensively study whether deep neural networks can acquire and generalize same-different relations both within and out-of-dist","authors_text":"Alexa R. Tartaglini, Brenden M. Lake, Charles Lovering, Ellie Pavlick, Michael A. Lepori, Sheridan Feucht, Wai Keen Vong","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-14T16:28:57Z","title":"Deep Neural Networks Can Learn Generalizable Same-Different Visual Relations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.09612","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9e48933ac4982b69d86b87585ae35c1f7cf73fc8c8446bb8affe3cc2876fdfef","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66a40dc779ad5bc23b813afa2614f32d89dd5f5e30a92e0280ccd26483226e62","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-14T16:28:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"3d0daeef1f26ab9b80fda2e1e3605171a8876a49b6370a07469e3e779c47dc45"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.09612","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"60059b5c823958346f5746744e775e0677ba7db4bc65bf4a3ed73819e85742a7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"60059b5c823958346f5746744e775e0677ba7db4bc65bf4a3ed73819e85742a7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13.940868Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13.940868Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"g+9KE/hlHSyOQEGfNNnXyikwBYVftLFLS4xcPPzMypHqQIiUDX/aPDEcrgVJ+AnRyRAD8V2xK+pA+k7olGXADQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:13.941361Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.09612","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9e48933ac4982b69d86b87585ae35c1f7cf73fc8c8446bb8affe3cc2876fdfef","sha256:d042d62a7a94c19fd9e45180119816cf7fad87df7fe47ab6528ca0c099ac75c0"],"state_sha256":"fe004bd396793ad22e773f1c6801e79958e19fe592c5b00fbbd639d1dbefa28c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mfWgLpnQw063J+qIfaGFUkUoiVi5TFYY3dvuKpbRZWx3R3Y1l+pKCqnKOKUIgs9DLtLj/eHYO9hkU73O79rrCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:35:37.284887Z","bundle_sha256":"4a6953023573e5ab6eeab64dc549cc76036fdfd1d3f9c126fceb01e767150bc7"}}