{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2025:MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF","short_pith_number":"pith:MAOP3WN7","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"601cfdd9bf94c53abe72f50fabbd52a16fdbce8964618800d63cb4522562535b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.03612","version":4},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Large language models in finance : what is financial sentiment?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.CP","q-fin.GN"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","authors_text":"Guido Germano, Kemal Kirtac","submitted_at":"2025-03-05T15:51:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Financial sentiment has become a crucial yet complex concept in finance, increasingly used in market forecasting and investment strategies. Despite its growing importance, there remains a need to define and understand what financial sentiment truly represents and how it can be effectively measured. We explore the nature of financial sentiment and investigate how large language models (LLMs) contribute to its estimation. We trace the evolution of sentiment measurement in finance, from market-based and lexicon-based methods to advanced natural language processing techniques. The emergence of LLM"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.03612","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","submitted_at":"2025-03-05T15:51:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.CP","q-fin.GN"],"title_canon_sha256":"e7ca00f6c49a7baa035e71ef2a7aab73af6a0c66871b87c70e61908b9ad80c54","abstract_canon_sha256":"1fb658887afcb73bfaa240aa03fe76d02652d34107dc5cc9c4ae348ea163a7d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641939Z","signature_b64":"fGiH0ebFV2TafCQ/XtuHYuZ+qets2saTwYFw0jpH/BZqGsh4qBiObMKPLllZFHxuuZatTseJIJKLGGSj0HqsDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"601cfdd9bf94c53abe72f50fabbd52a16fdbce8964618800d63cb4522562535b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641398Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641398Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Large language models in finance : what is financial sentiment?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.CP","q-fin.GN"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","authors_text":"Guido Germano, Kemal Kirtac","submitted_at":"2025-03-05T15:51:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Financial sentiment has become a crucial yet complex concept in finance, increasingly used in market forecasting and investment strategies. Despite its growing importance, there remains a need to define and understand what financial sentiment truly represents and how it can be effectively measured. We explore the nature of financial sentiment and investigate how large language models (LLMs) contribute to its estimation. We trace the evolution of sentiment measurement in finance, from market-based and lexicon-based methods to advanced natural language processing techniques. The emergence of LLM"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.03612","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.03612/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.03612","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.03612v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.03612","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MAOP3WN7STCT","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MAOP3WN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2608.05899","citing_title":"Quantitative Analysis of Media Bias and Stock Price Dynamics: The 2020 Shock","ref_index":26,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF","json":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MAOP3WN7"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MAOP3WN7","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2503.03612&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/MAOP3WN7STCTVPTS6UH2XPKSUF/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:22.641465+00:00"}