{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2024:MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434","short_pith_number":"pith:MAWXOXAA","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"602d775c005e3efacc9557905aca7cdf0c80825aa19f939b6d6b44a273a2a356","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2406.00507","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Prompt Chaining or Stepwise Prompt? Refinement in Text Summarization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Pengfei Liu, Ruifeng Yuan, Shichao Sun, Wenjie Li, Ziqiang Cao","submitted_at":"2024-06-01T17:28:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the capacity to improve summary quality by mirroring a human-like iterative process of critique and refinement starting from the initial draft. Two strategies are designed to perform this iterative process: Prompt Chaining and Stepwise Prompt. Prompt chaining orchestrates the drafting, critiquing, and refining phases through a series of three discrete prompts, while Stepwise prompt integrates these phases within a single prompt. However, the relative effectiveness of the two methods has not been extensively studied. This paper is dedicated to exam"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.00507","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-01T17:28:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"4591d204d7c42d7a9153f7308a23abbde4c0f7732e830e19d85de51af355c016","abstract_canon_sha256":"26b9e21bd5f48507e9a507157c754eca62d4bc9b8dad20708d07dc15b84cf550"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.876080Z","signature_b64":"zM2np6GnS06K70XrVexLSitulTYOcjLFdAQYPDXE3EC5RcGqhx4YlS51ag5nh2PtWSM/sArWxVHa/SiONJ67Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"602d775c005e3efacc9557905aca7cdf0c80825aa19f939b6d6b44a273a2a356","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875658Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875658Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Prompt Chaining or Stepwise Prompt? Refinement in Text Summarization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Pengfei Liu, Ruifeng Yuan, Shichao Sun, Wenjie Li, Ziqiang Cao","submitted_at":"2024-06-01T17:28:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the capacity to improve summary quality by mirroring a human-like iterative process of critique and refinement starting from the initial draft. Two strategies are designed to perform this iterative process: Prompt Chaining and Stepwise Prompt. Prompt chaining orchestrates the drafting, critiquing, and refining phases through a series of three discrete prompts, while Stepwise prompt integrates these phases within a single prompt. However, the relative effectiveness of the two methods has not been extensively studied. This paper is dedicated to exam"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.00507","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2406.00507/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.00507","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.00507v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.00507","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MAWXOXAALY7P","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MAWXOXAALY7PVTEV","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MAWXOXAA","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434","json":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MAWXOXAA"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MAWXOXAA","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2406.00507&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/MAWXOXAALY7PVTEVK6IFVST434/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:02.875740+00:00"}