{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:MBCGCB66PYZCZKFX5YDNDYABPM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"396fab41752e903067bba4f1d4ef350b4b6e8a3f31ed301dbf6f5751c4034b50","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T15:05:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"af207fcd46272b2cb12ac53df8cdcf56c509e4397b2d0d65f3f341a4d03608e3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.02436","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.02436","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.02436v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.02436","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBCGCB66PYZC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBCGCB66PYZCZKFX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBCGCB66","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:58d0a6766131a6ef438addc1eb422dbced98118ab3b69983c2e5cf1ba4035a5c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We apply machine learning to version control data to measure the quantity of effort required to produce source code changes. We construct a model of a `standard coder' trained from examples of code changes produced by actual software developers together with the labor time they supplied. The effort of a code change is then defined as the labor hours supplied by the standard coder to produce that change. We therefore reduce heterogeneous, structured code changes to a scalar measure of effort derived from large quantities of empirical data on the coding behavior of software developers. The stand","authors_text":"Albert Ziegler, Ian Wright","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T15:05:06Z","title":"The standard coder: a machine learning approach to measuring the effort required to produce source code change"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.02436","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:13543ba9234e6586969053fc1a795f4dbb994e67f102b5e69ba3a877ab2e3a3c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"396fab41752e903067bba4f1d4ef350b4b6e8a3f31ed301dbf6f5751c4034b50","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-03-06T15:05:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"af207fcd46272b2cb12ac53df8cdcf56c509e4397b2d0d65f3f341a4d03608e3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.02436","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"60446107de7e322ca8b7ee06d1e0017b3a9fe87866671e10f710c54a95172845","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"60446107de7e322ca8b7ee06d1e0017b3a9fe87866671e10f710c54a95172845","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55.325065Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55.325065Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uhXw0fOA/9UzVlA4HP+dR1E0zB4jMb5Jovygxa76cKyPQIkvGRGWpJKu0XIHs5ssGpMM4xK/W5KpKoDe+1AwCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:55.325535Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.02436","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:13543ba9234e6586969053fc1a795f4dbb994e67f102b5e69ba3a877ab2e3a3c","sha256:58d0a6766131a6ef438addc1eb422dbced98118ab3b69983c2e5cf1ba4035a5c"],"state_sha256":"b57d56fbdc953861086df75ba1ec7c696ec4057f9fb2317ce7b087253f68a0b0"}