{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO","short_pith_number":"pith:MBHAGHO6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1205.5509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-05-24T17:33:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4bc4605d141eef1c3a60f2630b98c46a51b1b1d2e1385993f62d0678f91da494","abstract_canon_sha256":"556e775676fe7d9700d380e12766a504a9896cbd0a0300e79c23ca23a0b53830"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"604e031ddee6f2ffb18ba8966a1dc7aba27648250ecca8bce962bc0a455581ed","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1205.5509","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1205.5509","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1205.5509v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1205.5509","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBHAGHO643ZP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBHAGHO643ZP7MML","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBHAGHO6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1205.5509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-05-24T17:33:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4bc4605d141eef1c3a60f2630b98c46a51b1b1d2e1385993f62d0678f91da494","abstract_canon_sha256":"556e775676fe7d9700d380e12766a504a9896cbd0a0300e79c23ca23a0b53830"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"604e031ddee6f2ffb18ba8966a1dc7aba27648250ecca8bce962bc0a455581ed","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00.925407Z","signature_b64":"zsTNRJC/+MAuvnavyY/3YOCi6nUT/u8EVA2uQs/5ZUMVKpUL2oilyE6uFR+p6Rk3w1lOYG5czlCDckkAfEJ3CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"604e031ddee6f2ffb18ba8966a1dc7aba27648250ecca8bce962bc0a455581ed","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00.924675Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00.924675Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1205.5509","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pKlVwq30cTKzFqhI5KVd4DeHDnohJm6ie0ZwJmkbczElCowUzzliDoFOYz817HWDFmDTGs4IyxsMJ9PkyJg5Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:40.569823Z"},"content_sha256":"6b2e98d7f32342ca3030ce928ced96a649ac90929c5afa3d4f87f49a0991fea9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6b2e98d7f32342ca3030ce928ced96a649ac90929c5afa3d4f87f49a0991fea9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Four Degrees of Separation, Really","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Paolo Boldi, Sebastiano Vigna","submitted_at":"2012-05-24T17:33:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"We recently measured the average distance of users in the Facebook graph, spurring comments in the scientific community as well as in the general press (\"Four Degrees of Separation\"). A number of interesting criticisms have been made about the meaningfulness, methods and consequences of the experiment we performed. In this paper we want to discuss some methodological aspects that we deem important to underline in the form of answers to the questions we have read in newspapers, magazines, blogs, or heard from colleagues. We indulge in some reflections on the actual meaning of \"average distance\""},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1205.5509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SeSqIHADx9oaoMXDJjUK6gN4/IHrtGUZRR8MTZmcC94m8+hMDIRlCWHVcZ6Of3x9dV2eheibu6URU11ABCS8Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:40.570475Z"},"content_sha256":"46e8b18e84abc93302eccfd9a50bc427d1789b8ef9a0d62d8ed13f6ed93fc8ca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:46e8b18e84abc93302eccfd9a50bc427d1789b8ef9a0d62d8ed13f6ed93fc8ca"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:MBHAGHO643ZP7MMLVCLGUHOHVO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"556e775676fe7d9700d380e12766a504a9896cbd0a0300e79c23ca23a0b53830","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-05-24T17:33:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"4bc4605d141eef1c3a60f2630b98c46a51b1b1d2e1385993f62d0678f91da494"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1205.5509","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1205.5509","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1205.5509v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1205.5509","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBHAGHO643ZP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBHAGHO643ZP7MML","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBHAGHO6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:46e8b18e84abc93302eccfd9a50bc427d1789b8ef9a0d62d8ed13f6ed93fc8ca","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We recently measured the average distance of users in the Facebook graph, spurring comments in the scientific community as well as in the general press (\"Four Degrees of Separation\"). A number of interesting criticisms have been made about the meaningfulness, methods and consequences of the experiment we performed. In this paper we want to discuss some methodological aspects that we deem important to underline in the form of answers to the questions we have read in newspapers, magazines, blogs, or heard from colleagues. We indulge in some reflections on the actual meaning of \"average distance\"","authors_text":"Paolo Boldi, Sebastiano Vigna","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-05-24T17:33:18Z","title":"Four Degrees of Separation, Really"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1205.5509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6b2e98d7f32342ca3030ce928ced96a649ac90929c5afa3d4f87f49a0991fea9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"556e775676fe7d9700d380e12766a504a9896cbd0a0300e79c23ca23a0b53830","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2012-05-24T17:33:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"4bc4605d141eef1c3a60f2630b98c46a51b1b1d2e1385993f62d0678f91da494"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1205.5509","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"604e031ddee6f2ffb18ba8966a1dc7aba27648250ecca8bce962bc0a455581ed","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"604e031ddee6f2ffb18ba8966a1dc7aba27648250ecca8bce962bc0a455581ed","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00.924675Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00.924675Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zsTNRJC/+MAuvnavyY/3YOCi6nUT/u8EVA2uQs/5ZUMVKpUL2oilyE6uFR+p6Rk3w1lOYG5czlCDckkAfEJ3CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:55:00.925407Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1205.5509","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6b2e98d7f32342ca3030ce928ced96a649ac90929c5afa3d4f87f49a0991fea9","sha256:46e8b18e84abc93302eccfd9a50bc427d1789b8ef9a0d62d8ed13f6ed93fc8ca"],"state_sha256":"7abc71333aa044756df596069c28d4281c9d73907f8c686233b4028b5b27c41f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5RgI0pHfF3rsYtgzk0wY46aOOEH6Szf2xxch5DE2OvSy+tb3T5pUJHMCntD1MbC/oWN7J6ysNBI98EAI5DbpDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T05:24:40.574205Z","bundle_sha256":"a3cdbb028a8479d08826c0cc0032bf2d601038441ba2b56480fc542716c2019f"}}