{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX","short_pith_number":"pith:MBJMPQ7L","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.4235","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-20T05:58:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f76ce2301bd07cd20a2126b213448a1245eeb4c625095063a6670d4a7ed1d9db","abstract_canon_sha256":"0d04462cf03acfb2a7aa47b304307d5173bb7c4d5d9f955ebd554b205700889a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6052c7c3ebc92106c7e68de2c8b2fb85f944a009f11a179cee3cde98ec952023","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1308.4235","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.4235","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.4235v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.4235","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBJMPQ7LZEQQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBJMPQ7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.4235","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-20T05:58:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f76ce2301bd07cd20a2126b213448a1245eeb4c625095063a6670d4a7ed1d9db","abstract_canon_sha256":"0d04462cf03acfb2a7aa47b304307d5173bb7c4d5d9f955ebd554b205700889a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6052c7c3ebc92106c7e68de2c8b2fb85f944a009f11a179cee3cde98ec952023","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35.569583Z","signature_b64":"oirljj26WG5Arl6XcvGNfHLKgYRVpXMJ1XpWLIC8cw0jngOr1GfbU4alr5Ukcubt9rpbSPT8Bk7ExvIPAc5tAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6052c7c3ebc92106c7e68de2c8b2fb85f944a009f11a179cee3cde98ec952023","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35.569042Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35.569042Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1308.4235","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x7ezbCg0VmIpZWQ+LgmQ8aCV2F6fJs6ie0NAJgol6lFm1pmcq4pXkIo1sX0+zbECzOFNRz5XeBycFYC4C3dnAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T00:57:13.331274Z"},"content_sha256":"5a55f2e2a9f118add075f410363e0d1ea00ed9e5c0e30f191d157a8c518c00ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a55f2e2a9f118add075f410363e0d1ea00ed9e5c0e30f191d157a8c518c00ea"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Collider Signatures of Goldstone Bosons","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"kingman Cheung, Tzu-Chiang Yuan, Wai-Yee Keung","submitted_at":"2013-08-20T05:58:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently Weinberg suggested that Goldstone bosons arising from the spontaneous breakdown of some global hidden symmetries can interact weakly in the early Universe and account for a fraction of the effective number of neutrino species N_eff, which has been reported persistently 1 \\sigma away from its expected value of three. In this work, we study in some details a number of experimental constraints on this interesting idea based on the simplest possibility of a global U(1), as studied by Weinberg. We work out the decay branching ratios of the associated light scalar field $\\sigma$ and suggest"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.4235","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BDHUbyqyhQ1acavLJ50CqUEoqvH3liA8CaVNCnCaWifiTQkusHa6njT3jpJ5AOohFGYA4GJqV2/WI64rhPZnAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T00:57:13.331942Z"},"content_sha256":"0f91acabc54ba946d05c9d58a9d1753f4731a9fcf881e115d6e57a5fb6d92af6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0f91acabc54ba946d05c9d58a9d1753f4731a9fcf881e115d6e57a5fb6d92af6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T00:57:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7GRXRMRMX3QX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0d04462cf03acfb2a7aa47b304307d5173bb7c4d5d9f955ebd554b205700889a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-20T05:58:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"f76ce2301bd07cd20a2126b213448a1245eeb4c625095063a6670d4a7ed1d9db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.4235","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.4235","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.4235v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.4235","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBJMPQ7LZEQQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBJMPQ7LZEQQNR7G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBJMPQ7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0f91acabc54ba946d05c9d58a9d1753f4731a9fcf881e115d6e57a5fb6d92af6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently Weinberg suggested that Goldstone bosons arising from the spontaneous breakdown of some global hidden symmetries can interact weakly in the early Universe and account for a fraction of the effective number of neutrino species N_eff, which has been reported persistently 1 \\sigma away from its expected value of three. In this work, we study in some details a number of experimental constraints on this interesting idea based on the simplest possibility of a global U(1), as studied by Weinberg. We work out the decay branching ratios of the associated light scalar field $\\sigma$ and suggest","authors_text":"kingman Cheung, Tzu-Chiang Yuan, Wai-Yee Keung","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-20T05:58:35Z","title":"Collider Signatures of Goldstone Bosons"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.4235","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5a55f2e2a9f118add075f410363e0d1ea00ed9e5c0e30f191d157a8c518c00ea","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0d04462cf03acfb2a7aa47b304307d5173bb7c4d5d9f955ebd554b205700889a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-08-20T05:58:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"f76ce2301bd07cd20a2126b213448a1245eeb4c625095063a6670d4a7ed1d9db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.4235","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6052c7c3ebc92106c7e68de2c8b2fb85f944a009f11a179cee3cde98ec952023","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6052c7c3ebc92106c7e68de2c8b2fb85f944a009f11a179cee3cde98ec952023","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35.569042Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35.569042Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oirljj26WG5Arl6XcvGNfHLKgYRVpXMJ1XpWLIC8cw0jngOr1GfbU4alr5Ukcubt9rpbSPT8Bk7ExvIPAc5tAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:01:35.569583Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1308.4235","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5a55f2e2a9f118add075f410363e0d1ea00ed9e5c0e30f191d157a8c518c00ea","sha256:0f91acabc54ba946d05c9d58a9d1753f4731a9fcf881e115d6e57a5fb6d92af6"],"state_sha256":"ce15b8ac3cfc8374177f95d88543bb19055765d774dd2643cac3be793e657df8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ddvn5EeCpF4TuXXam5LoGFD+qNGw/qK3WHDlzCXgG2H4GAHrbbtAVSebBW+wIjl/tFaQdj5G5CelPfB11MCWAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T00:57:13.335090Z","bundle_sha256":"e419d02950e9225f5361d8c329b42f5c3bc171ea24a6e251ad77ff646f410506"}}