{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ","short_pith_number":"pith:MBT3FLXS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-03T11:15:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a00f4063047aaaa5fc81646b0091d64faad13676fe63d3c5b83b9eeccaac8d5f","abstract_canon_sha256":"c39b0f6becee7ce63d2e3ad993ca23fd1b318a1e7081b3cf2fb6c7a7875fa503"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6067b2aef2331600bff1a69d8ea9889411d42b1a4943a70880b9b65e5666d1f7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.01107","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.01107","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.01107v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.01107","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBT3FLXSGMLA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBT3FLXSGMLABP7R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBT3FLXS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-03T11:15:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a00f4063047aaaa5fc81646b0091d64faad13676fe63d3c5b83b9eeccaac8d5f","abstract_canon_sha256":"c39b0f6becee7ce63d2e3ad993ca23fd1b318a1e7081b3cf2fb6c7a7875fa503"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6067b2aef2331600bff1a69d8ea9889411d42b1a4943a70880b9b65e5666d1f7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18.448202Z","signature_b64":"Gn+NyhhdOe7v85SvMKSATbtmIVbQR5nOni8CImMMENjYAScDM7bbQZ6lfm2VxTmF3VGV/hISZL0FF1P4VzCjCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6067b2aef2331600bff1a69d8ea9889411d42b1a4943a70880b9b65e5666d1f7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18.447562Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18.447562Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.01107","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IEg3TVxyc38zN1hC9HfOY+MjtDCp8MVBjfNSAiM1y4F5H0x//cfLVgMiHapDYbgKvV923SvdCqlgU15u9LPjCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T18:11:30.501513Z"},"content_sha256":"4b5b76a1d6ff62caf322c91e3e5ff97fc3579b10f5453202152d238873d7acb6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4b5b76a1d6ff62caf322c91e3e5ff97fc3579b10f5453202152d238873d7acb6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On extremal surfaces and de Sitter entropy","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"K. Narayan","submitted_at":"2017-11-03T11:15:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study extremal surfaces in the static patch coordinatization of de Sitter space, focussing on the future and past universes. We find connected timelike codim-2 surfaces on a boundary Euclidean time slice stretching from the future boundary $I^+$ to the past boundary $I^-$. In a limit, these surfaces pass through the bifurcation region and have minimal area with a divergent piece alone, whose coefficient is de Sitter entropy in 4-dimensions. These are reminiscent of rotated versions of certain surfaces in the $AdS$ black hole. We close with some speculations on a possible $dS/CFT$ interpreta"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QrAkCgSlOWBhVTnvQPQG4xr3mHAvlS1ndMq99ZfnzKG2jroJH7KWe9hO7KQyfTHMr7cMvohUbTyfVMAOVGuXCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T18:11:30.502279Z"},"content_sha256":"95d490c204cc8b619b7819fdcbdd3a5c3553db24c9b31b42f8676d484ed8d841","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:95d490c204cc8b619b7819fdcbdd3a5c3553db24c9b31b42f8676d484ed8d841"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T18:11:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:MBT3FLXSGMLABP7RU2OY5KMISQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c39b0f6becee7ce63d2e3ad993ca23fd1b318a1e7081b3cf2fb6c7a7875fa503","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-03T11:15:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"a00f4063047aaaa5fc81646b0091d64faad13676fe63d3c5b83b9eeccaac8d5f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.01107","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.01107v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.01107","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBT3FLXSGMLA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBT3FLXSGMLABP7R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBT3FLXS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:95d490c204cc8b619b7819fdcbdd3a5c3553db24c9b31b42f8676d484ed8d841","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study extremal surfaces in the static patch coordinatization of de Sitter space, focussing on the future and past universes. We find connected timelike codim-2 surfaces on a boundary Euclidean time slice stretching from the future boundary $I^+$ to the past boundary $I^-$. In a limit, these surfaces pass through the bifurcation region and have minimal area with a divergent piece alone, whose coefficient is de Sitter entropy in 4-dimensions. These are reminiscent of rotated versions of certain surfaces in the $AdS$ black hole. We close with some speculations on a possible $dS/CFT$ interpreta","authors_text":"K. Narayan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-03T11:15:03Z","title":"On extremal surfaces and de Sitter entropy"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4b5b76a1d6ff62caf322c91e3e5ff97fc3579b10f5453202152d238873d7acb6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c39b0f6becee7ce63d2e3ad993ca23fd1b318a1e7081b3cf2fb6c7a7875fa503","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-03T11:15:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"a00f4063047aaaa5fc81646b0091d64faad13676fe63d3c5b83b9eeccaac8d5f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"6067b2aef2331600bff1a69d8ea9889411d42b1a4943a70880b9b65e5666d1f7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6067b2aef2331600bff1a69d8ea9889411d42b1a4943a70880b9b65e5666d1f7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18.447562Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18.447562Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Gn+NyhhdOe7v85SvMKSATbtmIVbQR5nOni8CImMMENjYAScDM7bbQZ6lfm2VxTmF3VGV/hISZL0FF1P4VzCjCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:18.448202Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.01107","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4b5b76a1d6ff62caf322c91e3e5ff97fc3579b10f5453202152d238873d7acb6","sha256:95d490c204cc8b619b7819fdcbdd3a5c3553db24c9b31b42f8676d484ed8d841"],"state_sha256":"7ace70f25af6a8666de12acf1377ee0cb302b43d6a1cfd9d038dad8835f97435"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/eDOE60s1SQnv9MvKo3Q5LAwpeleqFBgrx3KFAD/w2DYZ9SQkUdf7KAk1DDtBzxANQcqIFFAiOebOhf+WabdBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T18:11:30.506244Z","bundle_sha256":"d5ebf0d91643adf6aae846b57ebf3c6f6d4ed3adf80d84ff2f58cfca993f25dc"}}