{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7","short_pith_number":"pith:MC3BGFJB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.06764","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-02-20T17:45:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b32a5d9c32ec4e84d3d4524c7b70753900a60ad9565e32b2cc366b46a966ea0e","abstract_canon_sha256":"9506df01b90931c64f2716ca5a6bf8c15d1dccf20841c8f2b5d8b28bf48a0a18"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60b613152142ba6e6442458cc91291bff68dc865f7c38553d1b9150f30221853","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1802.06764","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.06764","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.06764v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.06764","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MC3BGFJBIK5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MC3BGFJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.06764","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-02-20T17:45:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b32a5d9c32ec4e84d3d4524c7b70753900a60ad9565e32b2cc366b46a966ea0e","abstract_canon_sha256":"9506df01b90931c64f2716ca5a6bf8c15d1dccf20841c8f2b5d8b28bf48a0a18"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60b613152142ba6e6442458cc91291bff68dc865f7c38553d1b9150f30221853","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35.651385Z","signature_b64":"pbOv5kxxoiSAL8y1hQs1RXeS4c2rbcmKQj5UfXAtweIw8dUbE80BmuKJRraDJlLOtkdVaNJY0aSgGd/ti96OBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"60b613152142ba6e6442458cc91291bff68dc865f7c38553d1b9150f30221853","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35.650842Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35.650842Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1802.06764","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tVrtDUmXwfWzoX/ZAAFYreSq4p32+DdbpTdLmb66I/V28Z9Ibx0YZGPDg5IUiqtGiPdh+UAhG92iqH8vcZokAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T11:39:15.305898Z"},"content_sha256":"3280030378c55237a9f20f4f23e0667c05e9a32a76f764b632d8006db63ee18c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3280030378c55237a9f20f4f23e0667c05e9a32a76f764b632d8006db63ee18c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Stability of meanings versus rate of replacement of words: an experimental test","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Maurizio Serva, Michele Pasquini","submitted_at":"2018-02-20T17:45:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"The words of a language are randomly replaced in time by new ones, but it has long been known that words corresponding to some items (meanings) are less frequently replaced than others. Usually, the rate of replacement for a given item is not directly observable, but it is inferred by the estimated stability which, on the contrary, is observable. This idea goes back a long way in the lexicostatistical literature, nevertheless nothing ensures that it gives the correct answer. The family of Romance languages allows for a direct test of the estimated stabilities against the replacement rates sinc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.06764","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"y/5/0pCwaMmUbYVV3Gt/KBKrXrA8Bisu8n0RnbBiEKsCLGPQv7IofXzSW2+ugWGNkdqDcTYROTqBsz0HBHD8Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T11:39:15.306288Z"},"content_sha256":"764b5a3ca8e7413299c37220e742c854a1fa024dcecae0ff935c8ee282b7f70e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:764b5a3ca8e7413299c37220e742c854a1fa024dcecae0ff935c8ee282b7f70e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-26T11:39:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCCIWGMSEURX7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9506df01b90931c64f2716ca5a6bf8c15d1dccf20841c8f2b5d8b28bf48a0a18","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-02-20T17:45:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"b32a5d9c32ec4e84d3d4524c7b70753900a60ad9565e32b2cc366b46a966ea0e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.06764","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.06764","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.06764v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.06764","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MC3BGFJBIK5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MC3BGFJBIK5G4ZCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MC3BGFJB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:764b5a3ca8e7413299c37220e742c854a1fa024dcecae0ff935c8ee282b7f70e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The words of a language are randomly replaced in time by new ones, but it has long been known that words corresponding to some items (meanings) are less frequently replaced than others. Usually, the rate of replacement for a given item is not directly observable, but it is inferred by the estimated stability which, on the contrary, is observable. This idea goes back a long way in the lexicostatistical literature, nevertheless nothing ensures that it gives the correct answer. The family of Romance languages allows for a direct test of the estimated stabilities against the replacement rates sinc","authors_text":"Maurizio Serva, Michele Pasquini","cross_cats":["physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-02-20T17:45:53Z","title":"Stability of meanings versus rate of replacement of words: an experimental test"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.06764","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3280030378c55237a9f20f4f23e0667c05e9a32a76f764b632d8006db63ee18c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9506df01b90931c64f2716ca5a6bf8c15d1dccf20841c8f2b5d8b28bf48a0a18","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-02-20T17:45:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"b32a5d9c32ec4e84d3d4524c7b70753900a60ad9565e32b2cc366b46a966ea0e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.06764","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"60b613152142ba6e6442458cc91291bff68dc865f7c38553d1b9150f30221853","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"60b613152142ba6e6442458cc91291bff68dc865f7c38553d1b9150f30221853","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35.650842Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35.650842Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pbOv5kxxoiSAL8y1hQs1RXeS4c2rbcmKQj5UfXAtweIw8dUbE80BmuKJRraDJlLOtkdVaNJY0aSgGd/ti96OBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:35.651385Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1802.06764","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3280030378c55237a9f20f4f23e0667c05e9a32a76f764b632d8006db63ee18c","sha256:764b5a3ca8e7413299c37220e742c854a1fa024dcecae0ff935c8ee282b7f70e"],"state_sha256":"238885282c55aeaa0e10d26b94d129f5700f70cc49688a40a6e9fe3a9f2df57d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cKCF7wJ38+veh57ACC2NwEDzqU/RWPERyvQqcXi28T9O6Mpo+43qZFvgLGankn2QgqIIrnDUQE19ZotKYY/KBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T11:39:15.308229Z","bundle_sha256":"7c944f68b15015f4b3f0a54f47065b91a17e8b443c41f11ce8432333106c1c25"}}