{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:1994:MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV","short_pith_number":"pith:MCAQBJWX","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"608100a6d7039e9fe5e8ba4c43eb6e8d4d05508379c79ae09e9146baabf30cfd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"gr-qc/9412016","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Almost Ideal Clocks in Quantum Cosmology: A Brief Derivation of Time","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Donald Marolf","submitted_at":"1994-12-06T01:32:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"A formalism for quantizing time reparametrization invariant dynamics is considered and applied to systems which contain an `almost ideal clock.' Previously, this formalism was successfully applied to the Bianchi models and, while it contains no fundamental notion of `time' or `evolution,' the approach does contain a notion of correlations. Using correlations with the almost ideal clock to introduce a notion of time, the work below derives the complete formalism of external time quantum mechanics. The limit of an ideal clock is found to be closely associated with the Klein-Gordon inner product "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9412016","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1994-12-06T01:32:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"385914f5eb0418bf97bb13282d696661461ec8908391e1b26bfd34847ee0402d","abstract_canon_sha256":"fee522e7bf422800d80e9cc1ce7b439663c12c2e7c18f891e6b7fc664ae2d094"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.466181Z","signature_b64":"P5ZcJ21/h1blkSAz40s+sPOJPnADPBqcClOUreSSZO/cKEJr9MkDikMnEnRMsc5tGf3wrtSUFO5mBAGKVfGKCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"608100a6d7039e9fe5e8ba4c43eb6e8d4d05508379c79ae09e9146baabf30cfd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465849Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Almost Ideal Clocks in Quantum Cosmology: A Brief Derivation of Time","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Donald Marolf","submitted_at":"1994-12-06T01:32:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"A formalism for quantizing time reparametrization invariant dynamics is considered and applied to systems which contain an `almost ideal clock.' Previously, this formalism was successfully applied to the Bianchi models and, while it contains no fundamental notion of `time' or `evolution,' the approach does contain a notion of correlations. Using correlations with the almost ideal clock to introduce a notion of time, the work below derives the complete formalism of external time quantum mechanics. The limit of an ideal clock is found to be closely associated with the Klein-Gordon inner product "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9412016","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9412016/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9412016","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9412016v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9412016","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MCAQBJWXAOPJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPI","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MCAQBJWX","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":2,"internal_anchor_count":2,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.06404","citing_title":"Smooth horizons from topology change in canonical quantum gravity","ref_index":63,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2603.25990","citing_title":"Implication of dressed form of relational observable on von Neumann algebra","ref_index":9,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV","json":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MCAQBJWX"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MCAQBJWX","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=gr-qc/9412016&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/MCAQBJWXAOPJ7ZPIXJGEH23ORV/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T15:56:56.465906+00:00"}