{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U","short_pith_number":"pith:MDD3HW6M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.2413","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-11T20:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be9ef7ef74744945c133f81c6fd66783dc20889451b99d57b5632f09846a3974","abstract_canon_sha256":"612b35ae25cc1ac9f50b05e4061e146498784583b18eaf0f6ac5e85a12b9f53e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60c7b3dbcc9d8efbbadda51c4ae9e3dd0bb8fcd50debc47b280c29b92d71ddc3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.2413","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.2413","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.2413v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.2413","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MDD3HW6MTWHP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MDD3HW6M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.2413","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-11T20:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be9ef7ef74744945c133f81c6fd66783dc20889451b99d57b5632f09846a3974","abstract_canon_sha256":"612b35ae25cc1ac9f50b05e4061e146498784583b18eaf0f6ac5e85a12b9f53e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60c7b3dbcc9d8efbbadda51c4ae9e3dd0bb8fcd50debc47b280c29b92d71ddc3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42.786708Z","signature_b64":"BI5UXPeb6yNCucpnwM/XrAaS4xxeHAeX9QD43gmjmrbn7y/gNeA2Pw2gT38FQMEB9MU+MN1FNxIXuiQbdYJfCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"60c7b3dbcc9d8efbbadda51c4ae9e3dd0bb8fcd50debc47b280c29b92d71ddc3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42.786107Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42.786107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.2413","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2JFd//bkWVw4UH3AvXPrMllLVS73k69ucgCqYIFTy6bBkvOnppiqtyfzT49KHe8Khn7GljF6QwbtwVeMlGbmDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:59.333399Z"},"content_sha256":"89a307980ec6b768672d4bc6088a4786b88f980607c2cfc8853131cb7a3bc0e9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:89a307980ec6b768672d4bc6088a4786b88f980607c2cfc8853131cb7a3bc0e9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Submillimetre galaxies in a hierarchical universe: number counts, redshift distribution, and implications for the IMF","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Christopher C. Hayward, Desika Narayanan, Du\\v{s}an Kere\\v{s}, Lars Hernquist, Patrik Jonsson, Philip F. Hopkins, T. J. Cox","submitted_at":"2012-09-11T20:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"High-redshift submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most rapidly star-forming galaxies in the Universe. Historically, galaxy formation models have had difficulty explaining the observed number counts of SMGs. We combine a semi-empirical model with 3-D hydrodynamical simulations and 3-D dust radiative transfer to predict the number counts of unlensed SMGs. Because the stellar mass functions, gas and dust masses, and sizes of our galaxies are constrained to match observations, we can isolate uncertainties related to the dynamical evolution of galaxy mergers and the dust radiative transfe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.2413","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OXL8/EBpGLG3skTYSepL+cUZYVXQ2I7VGvrRYBvqO+UNakGIRLxGliMiGO9d1j2WmsoIXiMqoXxvm9NfQUTFBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:59.334030Z"},"content_sha256":"c14667288c90e7bc32a46a70aeadc2b0152e274c4780a8125ca39a5e10437c57","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c14667288c90e7bc32a46a70aeadc2b0152e274c4780a8125ca39a5e10437c57"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5UUOEV2PD3U","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"612b35ae25cc1ac9f50b05e4061e146498784583b18eaf0f6ac5e85a12b9f53e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-11T20:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"be9ef7ef74744945c133f81c6fd66783dc20889451b99d57b5632f09846a3974"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.2413","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.2413","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.2413v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.2413","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MDD3HW6MTWHP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MDD3HW6MTWHPXOW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MDD3HW6M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c14667288c90e7bc32a46a70aeadc2b0152e274c4780a8125ca39a5e10437c57","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"High-redshift submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most rapidly star-forming galaxies in the Universe. Historically, galaxy formation models have had difficulty explaining the observed number counts of SMGs. We combine a semi-empirical model with 3-D hydrodynamical simulations and 3-D dust radiative transfer to predict the number counts of unlensed SMGs. Because the stellar mass functions, gas and dust masses, and sizes of our galaxies are constrained to match observations, we can isolate uncertainties related to the dynamical evolution of galaxy mergers and the dust radiative transfe","authors_text":"Christopher C. Hayward, Desika Narayanan, Du\\v{s}an Kere\\v{s}, Lars Hernquist, Patrik Jonsson, Philip F. Hopkins, T. J. Cox","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-11T20:00:00Z","title":"Submillimetre galaxies in a hierarchical universe: number counts, redshift distribution, and implications for the IMF"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.2413","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:89a307980ec6b768672d4bc6088a4786b88f980607c2cfc8853131cb7a3bc0e9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"612b35ae25cc1ac9f50b05e4061e146498784583b18eaf0f6ac5e85a12b9f53e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-11T20:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"be9ef7ef74744945c133f81c6fd66783dc20889451b99d57b5632f09846a3974"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.2413","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"60c7b3dbcc9d8efbbadda51c4ae9e3dd0bb8fcd50debc47b280c29b92d71ddc3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"60c7b3dbcc9d8efbbadda51c4ae9e3dd0bb8fcd50debc47b280c29b92d71ddc3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42.786107Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42.786107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BI5UXPeb6yNCucpnwM/XrAaS4xxeHAeX9QD43gmjmrbn7y/gNeA2Pw2gT38FQMEB9MU+MN1FNxIXuiQbdYJfCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:27:42.786708Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.2413","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:89a307980ec6b768672d4bc6088a4786b88f980607c2cfc8853131cb7a3bc0e9","sha256:c14667288c90e7bc32a46a70aeadc2b0152e274c4780a8125ca39a5e10437c57"],"state_sha256":"475c48591594eddd8cbdf219e2d1709beb92c9e66db6118b9e3ec44c911c6190"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cgk7vjPUYAPSY567Po5Msvl0NW3AnBAuP02QR8XYYn+qtKzkM5C8rVSS6TGEmOcadZ3RyUK2b5cnIrB8Qg1DCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:46:59.337331Z","bundle_sha256":"2d61d2941d47578682c40beb07924f0a659c6533a6983e81186814cfd03af448"}}