{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE","short_pith_number":"pith:MFXGAKNG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.1142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2013-03-27T14:00:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c440f5621beebf52356ef34a4b7c636caf7999228808b8f3cb7f722f8df5feec","abstract_canon_sha256":"1201664c97c89c7ac7118b75aa9e18c0bb89a8e30a10404f31c77dc498914d0b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"616e6029a66a361f9cf31228fde5ba913d6cdc5c0cd8311804643f6e59140984","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.1142","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.1142","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.1142v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.1142","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MFXGAKNGNI3B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MFXGAKNG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.1142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2013-03-27T14:00:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c440f5621beebf52356ef34a4b7c636caf7999228808b8f3cb7f722f8df5feec","abstract_canon_sha256":"1201664c97c89c7ac7118b75aa9e18c0bb89a8e30a10404f31c77dc498914d0b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"616e6029a66a361f9cf31228fde5ba913d6cdc5c0cd8311804643f6e59140984","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04.390239Z","signature_b64":"p1+eq09L4YY/u8hJ1xrOAw4/zLqPCQyVQ+frQK+MGK0KZCi6r65YpJPzFVMhQDm2slO4TC94yE2jbIla5BqwDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"616e6029a66a361f9cf31228fde5ba913d6cdc5c0cd8311804643f6e59140984","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04.389757Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04.389757Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1304.1142","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wF/gp/ZwJt2+7PMnhb9iy94aQ/p9tPYBFm4LIr9YzwnLci8mPk21bkqQ2Gc7yZ53zG42LXVfD8hu47J0LcVFCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T05:14:11.587543Z"},"content_sha256":"613b30dd0a8102de37e9d817baf0fd3ca16890259820bd41546716dbd77c5bc8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:613b30dd0a8102de37e9d817baf0fd3ca16890259820bd41546716dbd77c5bc8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards a Normative Theory of Scientific Evidence","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"David Sher","submitted_at":"2013-03-27T14:00:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"A scientific reasoning system makes decisions using objective evidence in the form of independent experimental trials, propositional axioms, and constraints on the probabilities of events. As a first step towards this goal, we propose a system that derives probability intervals from objective evidence in those forms. Our reasoning system can manage uncertainty about data and rules in a rule based expert system. We expect that our system will be particularly applicable to diagnosis and analysis in domains with a wealth of experimental evidence such as medicine. We discuss limitations of this so"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.1142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UsT7SvuA6dx1pR7TxlKI3TfvPZccMuMHT6ZoSWquuJxJpItZUFUg+WrbmDn1MMDkwfbDrqStdS4wcb7k+Ok3CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T05:14:11.588252Z"},"content_sha256":"1dae5b5da2540e46743dcfb3ff047ac55a359c95dab0d70ddae55c093bdc44bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1dae5b5da2540e46743dcfb3ff047ac55a359c95dab0d70ddae55c093bdc44bf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T05:14:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHTCIUP3ZN2SE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1201664c97c89c7ac7118b75aa9e18c0bb89a8e30a10404f31c77dc498914d0b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2013-03-27T14:00:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"c440f5621beebf52356ef34a4b7c636caf7999228808b8f3cb7f722f8df5feec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.1142","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.1142","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.1142v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.1142","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MFXGAKNGNI3B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MFXGAKNGNI3B7HHT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MFXGAKNG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1dae5b5da2540e46743dcfb3ff047ac55a359c95dab0d70ddae55c093bdc44bf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A scientific reasoning system makes decisions using objective evidence in the form of independent experimental trials, propositional axioms, and constraints on the probabilities of events. As a first step towards this goal, we propose a system that derives probability intervals from objective evidence in those forms. Our reasoning system can manage uncertainty about data and rules in a rule based expert system. We expect that our system will be particularly applicable to diagnosis and analysis in domains with a wealth of experimental evidence such as medicine. We discuss limitations of this so","authors_text":"David Sher","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2013-03-27T14:00:17Z","title":"Towards a Normative Theory of Scientific Evidence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.1142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:613b30dd0a8102de37e9d817baf0fd3ca16890259820bd41546716dbd77c5bc8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1201664c97c89c7ac7118b75aa9e18c0bb89a8e30a10404f31c77dc498914d0b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2013-03-27T14:00:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"c440f5621beebf52356ef34a4b7c636caf7999228808b8f3cb7f722f8df5feec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.1142","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"616e6029a66a361f9cf31228fde5ba913d6cdc5c0cd8311804643f6e59140984","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"616e6029a66a361f9cf31228fde5ba913d6cdc5c0cd8311804643f6e59140984","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04.389757Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04.389757Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"p1+eq09L4YY/u8hJ1xrOAw4/zLqPCQyVQ+frQK+MGK0KZCi6r65YpJPzFVMhQDm2slO4TC94yE2jbIla5BqwDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:29:04.390239Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1304.1142","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:613b30dd0a8102de37e9d817baf0fd3ca16890259820bd41546716dbd77c5bc8","sha256:1dae5b5da2540e46743dcfb3ff047ac55a359c95dab0d70ddae55c093bdc44bf"],"state_sha256":"bd685fab064cc66d7129a5dcfd9c634d3f0321da1f3fe45b11d678ffb0746deb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R98PoSCFuwiGC/xwCvu/7cpBNbQ9mci1tBmBag47dbE3c7gssx7+ZCFe4tPN+G/u/Cq1k7/+5mwr8tmpAznyBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T05:14:11.592159Z","bundle_sha256":"ea466710723392fbd25b4f093756e49781ce33ed036c95c7b6b6bc4d0729e754"}}