{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:MFZCM27GX4MCRZXLZ2PAIMFK2N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9bad53163f9a607106d6bc2c2eae87b93041bc66e401b9dfeed757985a9bf41b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T07:48:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"bb026ffc78e0d8703187a6ca881ffbd71868cc5f2364ca645ddef1dfcba7de03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.4440","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.4440","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.4440v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.4440","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MFZCM27GX4MC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MFZCM27GX4MCRZXL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MFZCM27G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:89f7a3b5ee5ad9dafdf8778d50602ff5b034b743e9239830eab395c6640af5ea","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The R+S^2 theories of gravity, where S^2 denotes the quadratic torsion terms, are analyzed under three cases. In the first two cases, the matter fields are described by two different spin fluids which are not homogeneous and isotropic. In the third case, a homogeneous and isotropic torsion field is used. It is found that under all the three cases, the R+S^2 theories may avert the big-bang singularity of the Robertson--Walker universe, with three corresponding constraints on the parameters.","authors_text":"Jia-An Lu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T07:48:14Z","title":"R+S^2 theories of gravity without big-bang singularity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.4440","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:de9bd599154db6a3cbf33fa4c0f818fa32584506aeb51b76e4a3f369cf054896","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9bad53163f9a607106d6bc2c2eae87b93041bc66e401b9dfeed757985a9bf41b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T07:48:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"bb026ffc78e0d8703187a6ca881ffbd71868cc5f2364ca645ddef1dfcba7de03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.4440","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"6172266be6bf1828e6ebce9e0430aad34c72a4de4142fb5205fb11ec60854381","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6172266be6bf1828e6ebce9e0430aad34c72a4de4142fb5205fb11ec60854381","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32.573965Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32.573965Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gms3tNxjgACg4m5KlVXAZBMWYktpBQIq+FFGVNNMtfCzXFEhirKchy2LbxCx+fYoUiYLvtvflqinVxtnD+XxDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:27:32.574673Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.4440","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:de9bd599154db6a3cbf33fa4c0f818fa32584506aeb51b76e4a3f369cf054896","sha256:89f7a3b5ee5ad9dafdf8778d50602ff5b034b743e9239830eab395c6640af5ea"],"state_sha256":"fd664857dd3ca2f1646ce4d784e84466b4e9dbe6f058af249a1d59e36467f276"}