{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD","short_pith_number":"pith:MFZEIKP4","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"61724429fcca4c81915ac198cfd9b4a0ceb86f1c0384652752bed1a50329618e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1509.06382","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Physical processes in protoplanetary disks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Philip J. Armitage","submitted_at":"2015-09-21T20:14:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"This review introduces physical processes in protoplanetary disks relevant to accretion and the initial stages of planet formation. After a brief overview of the observational context, I introduce the elementary theory of disk structure and evolution, review the gas-phase physics of angular momentum transport through turbulence and disk winds, and discuss possible origins for the episodic accretion observed in Young Stellar Objects. Turning to solids, I review the evolution of single particles under aerodynamic forces, and describe the conditions necessary for the development of collective gas"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.06382","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-09-21T20:14:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"79a423a6ac9a7cd605f0e0eb2612b5f14abbe23f4aae620b42ecd8d8a2238e47","abstract_canon_sha256":"f833405a232d8776702d4da921d89a580a54b659696fe3bcbccb35cd4fe62e64"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072712Z","signature_b64":"4xh15fIVkj6bTtVcR17A0CfnVADEX4A/bY9i06dVlf5HWG1iMO5w1BKsV2Lv8yDG0hBtGf/zrQMEt//AYMA2CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"61724429fcca4c81915ac198cfd9b4a0ceb86f1c0384652752bed1a50329618e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072003Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072003Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Physical processes in protoplanetary disks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Philip J. Armitage","submitted_at":"2015-09-21T20:14:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"This review introduces physical processes in protoplanetary disks relevant to accretion and the initial stages of planet formation. After a brief overview of the observational context, I introduce the elementary theory of disk structure and evolution, review the gas-phase physics of angular momentum transport through turbulence and disk winds, and discuss possible origins for the episodic accretion observed in Young Stellar Objects. Turning to solids, I review the evolution of single particles under aerodynamic forces, and describe the conditions necessary for the development of collective gas"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.06382","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.06382","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072103+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.06382v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072103+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.06382","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072103+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MFZEIKP4ZJGI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32.376354+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32.376354+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MFZEIKP4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32.376354+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":2,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.27581","citing_title":"Thermal instability and rocky planetesimal formation in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks","ref_index":2,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.18332","citing_title":"Dust characterization of halos: The extended emission in protoplanetary disks","ref_index":96,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD","json":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MFZEIKP4"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MFZEIKP4","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1509.06382&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/MFZEIKP4ZJGIDEK2YGMM7WNUUD/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072103+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:11.072103+00:00"}