{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:MHBPS4BKVQSMXIMVKPMJ4BDEUU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b6f72ac7206e891aeb2569516cd6a66ac45879bcadd3b5dc23c2f7f7434edba","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-05-06T13:37:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"37e0a7284faaf44b249f563b10bb9df703bee9900f5fcbb4786fdb86f553552d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.03526","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.03526","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.03526v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.03526","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MHBPS4BKVQSM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MHBPS4BKVQSMXIMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MHBPS4BK","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4b6ebe192e0f311f9aae9881ef10069a3769eb489a1d8d88d57dd2ca6064310e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.03526/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Difference-in-differences (DID) is popular because it can allow for unmeasured confounding when the key assumption of parallel trends holds. However, there exists little guidance on how to decide a priori whether this assumption is reasonable. We attempt to develop such guidance by considering the relationship between a causal diagram and the parallel trends assumption. This is challenging because parallel trends is scale-dependent and causal diagrams are generally scale-independent. We develop conditions under which, given a nonparametric causal diagram, one can reject or fail to reject paral","authors_text":"Audrey Renson, Oliver Dukes, Zach Shahn","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-05-06T13:37:11Z","title":"Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.03526","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7b0508b615f8f8b93a380d1fe0148877ca7b610076e4f6d69afb13c1e6fd3e78","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b6f72ac7206e891aeb2569516cd6a66ac45879bcadd3b5dc23c2f7f7434edba","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-05-06T13:37:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"37e0a7284faaf44b249f563b10bb9df703bee9900f5fcbb4786fdb86f553552d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.03526","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"61c2f9702aac24cba19553d89e0464a511c1586d8e0632e45d633e6b236c19f9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"61c2f9702aac24cba19553d89e0464a511c1586d8e0632e45d633e6b236c19f9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17.648837Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17.648837Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"owtmVE8cYSt08X/mKAKj2MFLcAF4e9jAoAJls5bhGYbdjIIXC/exLlggq+S2lC2zSnoQR8KJGKTAINS7KnITAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:59:17.649247Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.03526","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7b0508b615f8f8b93a380d1fe0148877ca7b610076e4f6d69afb13c1e6fd3e78","sha256:4b6ebe192e0f311f9aae9881ef10069a3769eb489a1d8d88d57dd2ca6064310e"],"state_sha256":"fead64c297856be53fae20daa78238370e56bdbbb5f160bfcee2e32df0dcf0f7"}