{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX","short_pith_number":"pith:MHELE4VL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.15649","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2022-03-29T15:09:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"1ce7508d90789907ab97648bb35d1174f4c9275e3ae48717b7f40242928ffe48","abstract_canon_sha256":"6ea56da465ce657c98a822a71025de964746b56989baf9578dc8655cf0a057b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"61c8b272ab82036434d76f63f35765a5ee335fff50e261f648dab630fb0092f1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.15649","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.15649","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.15649v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.15649","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MHELE4VLQIBW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MHELE4VLQIBWINGX","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MHELE4VL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.15649","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2022-03-29T15:09:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"1ce7508d90789907ab97648bb35d1174f4c9275e3ae48717b7f40242928ffe48","abstract_canon_sha256":"6ea56da465ce657c98a822a71025de964746b56989baf9578dc8655cf0a057b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"61c8b272ab82036434d76f63f35765a5ee335fff50e261f648dab630fb0092f1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54.065712Z","signature_b64":"iT/g21a7flKrKl0D56tJL3tWGSaDLqujiFe0wvjLuauV8gDETUzfkY1LglEujLyoEP9DGsI13p15y0DavwPmDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"61c8b272ab82036434d76f63f35765a5ee335fff50e261f648dab630fb0092f1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54.065251Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54.065251Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2203.15649","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T6t7YOwnAQ3/ruPop5kVtLE4Fmffg6P0aLuIlhvQg2xwukFk+oVL6sBTvn2VNDeLmzhaLi+MJiGTj669WTJ9AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T12:26:47.496126Z"},"content_sha256":"13cbd425aeda61e2157b3a1d8300606f98afe34e8be5beba68a5cade237074ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:13cbd425aeda61e2157b3a1d8300606f98afe34e8be5beba68a5cade237074ff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey II: New Insights into LyC Diagnostics","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"(10) Sorbonne Universit\\'e, 11), (11) Universit\\'e de Lyon, (12) Arizona State University, (13) University of Minnesota, (14) Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, (15) Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, (16) NOIRLab, (17) Laboratory for Atmospheric, (18) Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, (19) Stockholm University, (20) Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, (21) Texas A&M, (22) Minnesota State University, (23) Cal Tech, (24) University of Virginia, (25) Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, (26) Osservatoria Astronomico di Bologna), (2) Williams College, (3) Space Telescope Science Institute, (4) Universitat Potsdam, (5) University of Texas Austin, (6) University of Geneva, (7) Johns Hopkins University, (8) University of Michigan, (9) Universidad de La Serena, Alaina Henry (3), Alberto Saldana-Lopez (6), Andrea Grazian (18), Anne E. Jaskot (2), Anne Verhamme (6, Bingjie Wang (7), Brian Fleming (17), Casey Papovich (21), Claudia Scarlata (13), Cody Carr (13), Daniel Schaerer (6), Eros Vanzella (26), Fabio Fontanot (14), Gabor Worseck (4), Genoveva Micheva (20), Goran Ostlin (19), Hakim Atek (10), Harry C. Ferguson (3), Harry Teplitz (23), Jeremy Blaizot (11), Joakim Rosdahl (11), John Chisholm (5), Kirill Makan (4), Laura Pentericci (14), Marco Castellano (14), Mark Dickinson (16), Matthew Hayes (19), Mauro Giavalisco (1), Maxime Trebitsch (25), Michael Rutkowski (22), M. S. Oey (8), N. M. Ford (2), Paola Santini (14), Ricardo Amorin (9), Sanchayeeta Borthakur (12), Sophia R. Flury (1), Space Physics, Stefano Cristiani (15), Stephane de Barros (6), Stephan McCandliss (7), Steven L. Finkelstein (5), Swara Ravindranath (3), Thibault Garel (6), Timothy Heckman (7), Trinh Thuan (24), Valentin Mauerhofer (6), Xinfeng Xu (7) ((1) University of Massachusetts Amherst, Zhiyuan Ji (1)","submitted_at":"2022-03-29T15:09:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Lyman continuum (LyC) cannot be observed at the epoch of reionization (z {\\gtrsim} 6) due to intergalactic H I absorption. To identify Lyman continuum emitters (LCEs) and infer the fraction of escaping LyC, astronomers have developed various indirect diagnostics of LyC escape. Using measurements of the LyC from the Low-redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS), we present the first statistical test of these diagnostics. While optical depth indicators based on Ly{\\alpha}, such as peak velocity separation and equivalent width, perform well, we also find that other diagnostics, such as the [O I"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.15649","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.15649/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vGiqjY6xFA6G+mkM55SxncmgqUZWqjgVn/VzjJcPyhkN3WJpJBwQLis0l68ptvB6GeMNAZ0mM4Sra8dEdxfvBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T12:26:47.496538Z"},"content_sha256":"f6355af224e6d43cbdc4763fd9b35ffbc41499cfcd2354082ae2455dc527dd5a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f6355af224e6d43cbdc4763fd9b35ffbc41499cfcd2354082ae2455dc527dd5a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-23T12:26:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:MHELE4VLQIBWINGXN5R7GV3FUX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6ea56da465ce657c98a822a71025de964746b56989baf9578dc8655cf0a057b9","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2022-03-29T15:09:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"1ce7508d90789907ab97648bb35d1174f4c9275e3ae48717b7f40242928ffe48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.15649","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.15649","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.15649v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.15649","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MHELE4VLQIBW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MHELE4VLQIBWINGX","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MHELE4VL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f6355af224e6d43cbdc4763fd9b35ffbc41499cfcd2354082ae2455dc527dd5a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2203.15649/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Lyman continuum (LyC) cannot be observed at the epoch of reionization (z {\\gtrsim} 6) due to intergalactic H I absorption. To identify Lyman continuum emitters (LCEs) and infer the fraction of escaping LyC, astronomers have developed various indirect diagnostics of LyC escape. Using measurements of the LyC from the Low-redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS), we present the first statistical test of these diagnostics. While optical depth indicators based on Ly{\\alpha}, such as peak velocity separation and equivalent width, perform well, we also find that other diagnostics, such as the [O I","authors_text":"(10) Sorbonne Universit\\'e, 11), (11) Universit\\'e de Lyon, (12) Arizona State University, (13) University of Minnesota, (14) Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, (15) Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, (16) NOIRLab, (17) Laboratory for Atmospheric, (18) Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, (19) Stockholm University, (20) Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, (21) Texas A&M, (22) Minnesota State University, (23) Cal Tech, (24) University of Virginia, (25) Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, (26) Osservatoria Astronomico di Bologna), (2) Williams College, (3) Space Telescope Science Institute, (4) Universitat Potsdam, (5) University of Texas Austin, (6) University of Geneva, (7) Johns Hopkins University, (8) University of Michigan, (9) Universidad de La Serena, Alaina Henry (3), Alberto Saldana-Lopez (6), Andrea Grazian (18), Anne E. Jaskot (2), Anne Verhamme (6, Bingjie Wang (7), Brian Fleming (17), Casey Papovich (21), Claudia Scarlata (13), Cody Carr (13), Daniel Schaerer (6), Eros Vanzella (26), Fabio Fontanot (14), Gabor Worseck (4), Genoveva Micheva (20), Goran Ostlin (19), Hakim Atek (10), Harry C. Ferguson (3), Harry Teplitz (23), Jeremy Blaizot (11), Joakim Rosdahl (11), John Chisholm (5), Kirill Makan (4), Laura Pentericci (14), Marco Castellano (14), Mark Dickinson (16), Matthew Hayes (19), Mauro Giavalisco (1), Maxime Trebitsch (25), Michael Rutkowski (22), M. S. Oey (8), N. M. Ford (2), Paola Santini (14), Ricardo Amorin (9), Sanchayeeta Borthakur (12), Sophia R. Flury (1), Space Physics, Stefano Cristiani (15), Stephane de Barros (6), Stephan McCandliss (7), Steven L. Finkelstein (5), Swara Ravindranath (3), Thibault Garel (6), Timothy Heckman (7), Trinh Thuan (24), Valentin Mauerhofer (6), Xinfeng Xu (7) ((1) University of Massachusetts Amherst, Zhiyuan Ji (1)","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2022-03-29T15:09:56Z","title":"The Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey II: New Insights into LyC Diagnostics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.15649","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:13cbd425aeda61e2157b3a1d8300606f98afe34e8be5beba68a5cade237074ff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6ea56da465ce657c98a822a71025de964746b56989baf9578dc8655cf0a057b9","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2022-03-29T15:09:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"1ce7508d90789907ab97648bb35d1174f4c9275e3ae48717b7f40242928ffe48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.15649","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"61c8b272ab82036434d76f63f35765a5ee335fff50e261f648dab630fb0092f1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"61c8b272ab82036434d76f63f35765a5ee335fff50e261f648dab630fb0092f1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54.065251Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54.065251Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iT/g21a7flKrKl0D56tJL3tWGSaDLqujiFe0wvjLuauV8gDETUzfkY1LglEujLyoEP9DGsI13p15y0DavwPmDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:23:54.065712Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2203.15649","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:13cbd425aeda61e2157b3a1d8300606f98afe34e8be5beba68a5cade237074ff","sha256:f6355af224e6d43cbdc4763fd9b35ffbc41499cfcd2354082ae2455dc527dd5a"],"state_sha256":"006f829b2deb8567d3a1389ed33bd60a6b09f13ebcca3f7f7d530042ee463b55"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GIquR2/+vY2+SR8WqpnPM/QnxqPsP4sotjOJ8kxSxJtkE/Zp83EAzfcvRMQ/wtwl8ecpgtvTnAsgeEFHHgh5Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T12:26:47.498759Z","bundle_sha256":"a89f7799e67bb43400eb64f75e09ca05f46cc8f65b9d2fa74075023bc06eb860"}}