{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX","short_pith_number":"pith:MI3WH3AG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.22873","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-06-28T12:52:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"59b5a4d6bad7f2c2ca51f2cc40e799ef1f804467a6391923757e8a2e20c9bd7b","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8579bd46210f97003449c395234018f41606a7cd443265686adb970f4993ec4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"623763ec06ff3b1d385fbd06b9bf488ded4f3394086d58a328cf69461067a114","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.22873","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.22873","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.22873v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.22873","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MI3WH3AG745R","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MI3WH3AG745R2OC7","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MI3WH3AG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.22873","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-06-28T12:52:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"59b5a4d6bad7f2c2ca51f2cc40e799ef1f804467a6391923757e8a2e20c9bd7b","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8579bd46210f97003449c395234018f41606a7cd443265686adb970f4993ec4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"623763ec06ff3b1d385fbd06b9bf488ded4f3394086d58a328cf69461067a114","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47.072835Z","signature_b64":"vzq80xztVUjc3W5LVz76+qKlHAoLN+M9N9bPkHSF038NzhzI0L23dQfpUOn6hutSymMrsN+HnL6CFhDi6mfpDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"623763ec06ff3b1d385fbd06b9bf488ded4f3394086d58a328cf69461067a114","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47.072283Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47.072283Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.22873","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4g7KwlfqaLcW4MNlO7OcfzHW7pi5U2yZaPgAbyezfZijBrJ2/iYJWl7chn4LCYS2lz42j6VJM2k7KY28bAIEDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:21.923772Z"},"content_sha256":"5840fa64285f8a72efafb9871730896dd72784f6b14061f920d813c7b5e1250e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5840fa64285f8a72efafb9871730896dd72784f6b14061f920d813c7b5e1250e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Effective viscosity closures for dense suspensions in CSP systems via lubrication-enhanced DNS and numerical viscometry","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Dmitri Kuzmin, Otto Mierka, Raphael M\\\"unster, Stefan Turek","submitted_at":"2025-06-28T12:52:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Dense particle suspensions are promising candidates for next-generation Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) receivers, enabling operating temperatures above 800 degrees C. However, accurate modeling of the rheological behavior of granular flows is essential for reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this study, we develop and assess numerical methodologies for simulating dense suspensions pertinent to CSP applications. Our computational framework is based on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), augmented by lubrication force models to resolve detailed particle-particle and partic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.22873","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.22873/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Kt3Wnt1Uk1ZqbXl1Q6N/oUnS7oNHdgk0ItKpAB5i04u09VTq1i/i8lqD0bql4/gPVAfev988C5Nk3PGpNWh1Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:21.924129Z"},"content_sha256":"23b3a215511ae370138dc751c99d3729409ce1b5ecc709fa226f0c835389ffdb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:23b3a215511ae370138dc751c99d3729409ce1b5ecc709fa226f0c835389ffdb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:MI3WH3AG745R2OC7XUDLTP2IRX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8579bd46210f97003449c395234018f41606a7cd443265686adb970f4993ec4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-06-28T12:52:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"59b5a4d6bad7f2c2ca51f2cc40e799ef1f804467a6391923757e8a2e20c9bd7b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.22873","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.22873","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.22873v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.22873","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MI3WH3AG745R","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MI3WH3AG745R2OC7","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MI3WH3AG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:23b3a215511ae370138dc751c99d3729409ce1b5ecc709fa226f0c835389ffdb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.22873/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Dense particle suspensions are promising candidates for next-generation Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) receivers, enabling operating temperatures above 800 degrees C. However, accurate modeling of the rheological behavior of granular flows is essential for reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this study, we develop and assess numerical methodologies for simulating dense suspensions pertinent to CSP applications. Our computational framework is based on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), augmented by lubrication force models to resolve detailed particle-particle and partic","authors_text":"Dmitri Kuzmin, Otto Mierka, Raphael M\\\"unster, Stefan Turek","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-06-28T12:52:56Z","title":"Effective viscosity closures for dense suspensions in CSP systems via lubrication-enhanced DNS and numerical viscometry"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.22873","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5840fa64285f8a72efafb9871730896dd72784f6b14061f920d813c7b5e1250e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8579bd46210f97003449c395234018f41606a7cd443265686adb970f4993ec4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-06-28T12:52:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"59b5a4d6bad7f2c2ca51f2cc40e799ef1f804467a6391923757e8a2e20c9bd7b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.22873","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"623763ec06ff3b1d385fbd06b9bf488ded4f3394086d58a328cf69461067a114","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"623763ec06ff3b1d385fbd06b9bf488ded4f3394086d58a328cf69461067a114","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47.072283Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47.072283Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vzq80xztVUjc3W5LVz76+qKlHAoLN+M9N9bPkHSF038NzhzI0L23dQfpUOn6hutSymMrsN+HnL6CFhDi6mfpDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:28:47.072835Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.22873","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5840fa64285f8a72efafb9871730896dd72784f6b14061f920d813c7b5e1250e","sha256:23b3a215511ae370138dc751c99d3729409ce1b5ecc709fa226f0c835389ffdb"],"state_sha256":"ee23fd4a2edb504a9aad9cc66db209cc1384053593ed271c8f0e17be7d77c7cc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nWXrZ/JAyAFwHsKwNgnnK7EFr9nh+tn6nTfbP11YmdOYLBRsWUl+vHTQ+xuH71v1950KjGN2eaDrNPDpCHJmDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:21.927182Z","bundle_sha256":"21eee0fafcb968a4e989fdb8cb2eaa9a2f34dfde11e3aeec2565b9b626569624"}}