{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS","short_pith_number":"pith:MJ45YSJP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.10208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2017-06-30T14:10:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"4733c6808fe552a9857fc7a43a83e144cc1a7dab4fcd1a090bacb2fc168b8b63","abstract_canon_sha256":"50ef7188b69ac2349b5146af36f0bc9c4cebfdb74b9351e83cead90c51b4cfaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6279dc492fca888a833197979d88dc9c98ce6c8219308886f8c1ac8681a96e42","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1706.10208","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.10208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.10208v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.10208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MJ45YSJPZKEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MJ45YSJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.10208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2017-06-30T14:10:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"4733c6808fe552a9857fc7a43a83e144cc1a7dab4fcd1a090bacb2fc168b8b63","abstract_canon_sha256":"50ef7188b69ac2349b5146af36f0bc9c4cebfdb74b9351e83cead90c51b4cfaf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6279dc492fca888a833197979d88dc9c98ce6c8219308886f8c1ac8681a96e42","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09.133763Z","signature_b64":"nWlvPrUNhgTQ1Q8lSjEcdf6NklQN54qoT7bRYKVAwck+q4Sd+3KBLgcPk6sq9CmeKL3vjm1/BmmDpy162A6xCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6279dc492fca888a833197979d88dc9c98ce6c8219308886f8c1ac8681a96e42","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09.133121Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09.133121Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1706.10208","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cQGj0zt0PcOAb3JziQ8HDLiHCC06me//QWxghRFKT5EClGGE5272tlQcnzGHc2fJD9TITUyZp42k0bQxFTavDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T19:56:44.751595Z"},"content_sha256":"9f070b555aecc545592806be074cf0dc5dc09be14ed01de665f078278c5e3ebb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9f070b555aecc545592806be074cf0dc5dc09be14ed01de665f078278c5e3ebb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Fairness, Diversity and Randomness in Algorithmic Decision Making","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Adrian Weller, Krishna P. Gummadi, Muhammad Bilal Zafar, Nina Grgi\\'c-Hla\\v{c}a","submitted_at":"2017-06-30T14:10:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Consider a binary decision making process where a single machine learning classifier replaces a multitude of humans. We raise questions about the resulting loss of diversity in the decision making process. We study the potential benefits of using random classifier ensembles instead of a single classifier in the context of fairness-aware learning and demonstrate various attractive properties: (i) an ensemble of fair classifiers is guaranteed to be fair, for several different measures of fairness, (ii) an ensemble of unfair classifiers can still achieve fair outcomes, and (iii) an ensemble of cl"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.10208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x0Phuw5fbQ6hnDI5VdmRfeUp33jRjBiINawFuyq/4AApjb6omE46yFGhEzUd8zx3tGs0pqZGp2oX3O/Ne7K4BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T19:56:44.752308Z"},"content_sha256":"a1a84ee063d2a03ce240e06c2d0a79ce56a5e36ede6cdb234942e444d4cb0383","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a1a84ee063d2a03ce240e06c2d0a79ce56a5e36ede6cdb234942e444d4cb0383"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T19:56:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZRS6LZ3CG4TS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50ef7188b69ac2349b5146af36f0bc9c4cebfdb74b9351e83cead90c51b4cfaf","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2017-06-30T14:10:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"4733c6808fe552a9857fc7a43a83e144cc1a7dab4fcd1a090bacb2fc168b8b63"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.10208","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.10208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.10208v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.10208","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MJ45YSJPZKEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MJ45YSJPZKEIVAZR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MJ45YSJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a1a84ee063d2a03ce240e06c2d0a79ce56a5e36ede6cdb234942e444d4cb0383","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Consider a binary decision making process where a single machine learning classifier replaces a multitude of humans. We raise questions about the resulting loss of diversity in the decision making process. We study the potential benefits of using random classifier ensembles instead of a single classifier in the context of fairness-aware learning and demonstrate various attractive properties: (i) an ensemble of fair classifiers is guaranteed to be fair, for several different measures of fairness, (ii) an ensemble of unfair classifiers can still achieve fair outcomes, and (iii) an ensemble of cl","authors_text":"Adrian Weller, Krishna P. Gummadi, Muhammad Bilal Zafar, Nina Grgi\\'c-Hla\\v{c}a","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2017-06-30T14:10:34Z","title":"On Fairness, Diversity and Randomness in Algorithmic Decision Making"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.10208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9f070b555aecc545592806be074cf0dc5dc09be14ed01de665f078278c5e3ebb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50ef7188b69ac2349b5146af36f0bc9c4cebfdb74b9351e83cead90c51b4cfaf","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2017-06-30T14:10:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"4733c6808fe552a9857fc7a43a83e144cc1a7dab4fcd1a090bacb2fc168b8b63"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.10208","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6279dc492fca888a833197979d88dc9c98ce6c8219308886f8c1ac8681a96e42","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6279dc492fca888a833197979d88dc9c98ce6c8219308886f8c1ac8681a96e42","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09.133121Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09.133121Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nWlvPrUNhgTQ1Q8lSjEcdf6NklQN54qoT7bRYKVAwck+q4Sd+3KBLgcPk6sq9CmeKL3vjm1/BmmDpy162A6xCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:09.133763Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1706.10208","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9f070b555aecc545592806be074cf0dc5dc09be14ed01de665f078278c5e3ebb","sha256:a1a84ee063d2a03ce240e06c2d0a79ce56a5e36ede6cdb234942e444d4cb0383"],"state_sha256":"e76b1d82f0c5f0bd8da01e20266ddc82131452025475dee95c304476f11870c8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e+LJ4UA9r5PUwphwJV93XkhHVz64d6T1MJAryZQdo9hDls3OF0kpkDfoNxnJUn25PhXZMpi3yTVnA/kLu8KKDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T19:56:44.756110Z","bundle_sha256":"06190e0515a708f836f6c629de443d8acd63a7b768f52f95f8786d6dcef8f6c7"}}