{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3","short_pith_number":"pith:MLQXUKTX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.18295","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-24T09:03:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"00a288863ab787c2dd4d8dbe1ccd6a7b6e44182d48f14b66175a0c838b8036d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"1e6d0fb2783b083f76bfc73bd55892fc00ed622eace14cbc3b7aca6e0486edf8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"62e17a2a77f47a97e81fc3769d60e406ddd0579aee9f996030a1719f895152ea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.18295","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.18295","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.18295v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.18295","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MLQXUKTX6R5J","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MLQXUKTX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.18295","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-24T09:03:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"00a288863ab787c2dd4d8dbe1ccd6a7b6e44182d48f14b66175a0c838b8036d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"1e6d0fb2783b083f76bfc73bd55892fc00ed622eace14cbc3b7aca6e0486edf8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"62e17a2a77f47a97e81fc3769d60e406ddd0579aee9f996030a1719f895152ea","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15.637017Z","signature_b64":"AN+f1tcfxF+zmiHmWjpBqfCc2M5Uk7O9rz2aN9uCP3i4+uVYHQMYSAj9oiRPoIeZ1ex02g/w6ZwoZEdTkt4mAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"62e17a2a77f47a97e81fc3769d60e406ddd0579aee9f996030a1719f895152ea","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15.636548Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15.636548Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.18295","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rrZyd7kkucIYt9uRhVWTVCHgniEG8NNHeZ4N2CFMMQLyxsL0rNCi61getqalP68qTnJ+z0e+dET9qSJkcNj5CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T05:52:52.240471Z"},"content_sha256":"afde61a60209db014a51d71c708411ce93c0c6f5a6aed7232807f1b07011f7c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:afde61a60209db014a51d71c708411ce93c0c6f5a6aed7232807f1b07011f7c4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Pirates of the RAG: Adaptively Attacking LLMs to Leak Knowledge Bases","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Christian Di Maio, Cristian Cosci, Marco Maggini, Stefano Melacci, Valentina Poggioni","submitted_at":"2024-12-24T09:03:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"The growing ubiquity of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in several real-world services triggers severe concerns about their security. A RAG system improves the generative capabilities of a Large Language Models (LLM) by a retrieval mechanism which operates on a private knowledge base, whose unintended exposure could lead to severe consequences, including breaches of private and sensitive information. This paper presents a black-box attack to force a RAG system to leak its private knowledge base which, differently from existing approaches, is adaptive and automatic. A relevance-bas"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.18295","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.18295/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lgNxJw/y5FpqmxreS/xtWDNmvUCKbGncPJ2iqGC7bnu6eAnFJ0wZr/4cVESROQ2oq/7dnqEQG6I/3c1Pbnh1BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T05:52:52.241050Z"},"content_sha256":"857bf792517cfed2f18296a9585f5199484c643388d05ff24fc29ba4266e8aa5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:857bf792517cfed2f18296a9585f5199484c643388d05ff24fc29ba4266e8aa5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T05:52:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7YN3J2YHEA3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1e6d0fb2783b083f76bfc73bd55892fc00ed622eace14cbc3b7aca6e0486edf8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-24T09:03:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"00a288863ab787c2dd4d8dbe1ccd6a7b6e44182d48f14b66175a0c838b8036d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.18295","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.18295","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.18295v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.18295","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MLQXUKTX6R5J","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MLQXUKTX6R5JP2A7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MLQXUKTX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:857bf792517cfed2f18296a9585f5199484c643388d05ff24fc29ba4266e8aa5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.18295/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The growing ubiquity of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in several real-world services triggers severe concerns about their security. A RAG system improves the generative capabilities of a Large Language Models (LLM) by a retrieval mechanism which operates on a private knowledge base, whose unintended exposure could lead to severe consequences, including breaches of private and sensitive information. This paper presents a black-box attack to force a RAG system to leak its private knowledge base which, differently from existing approaches, is adaptive and automatic. A relevance-bas","authors_text":"Christian Di Maio, Cristian Cosci, Marco Maggini, Stefano Melacci, Valentina Poggioni","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-24T09:03:57Z","title":"Pirates of the RAG: Adaptively Attacking LLMs to Leak Knowledge Bases"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.18295","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:afde61a60209db014a51d71c708411ce93c0c6f5a6aed7232807f1b07011f7c4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1e6d0fb2783b083f76bfc73bd55892fc00ed622eace14cbc3b7aca6e0486edf8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-24T09:03:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"00a288863ab787c2dd4d8dbe1ccd6a7b6e44182d48f14b66175a0c838b8036d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.18295","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"62e17a2a77f47a97e81fc3769d60e406ddd0579aee9f996030a1719f895152ea","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"62e17a2a77f47a97e81fc3769d60e406ddd0579aee9f996030a1719f895152ea","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15.636548Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15.636548Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AN+f1tcfxF+zmiHmWjpBqfCc2M5Uk7O9rz2aN9uCP3i4+uVYHQMYSAj9oiRPoIeZ1ex02g/w6ZwoZEdTkt4mAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:55:15.637017Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.18295","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:afde61a60209db014a51d71c708411ce93c0c6f5a6aed7232807f1b07011f7c4","sha256:857bf792517cfed2f18296a9585f5199484c643388d05ff24fc29ba4266e8aa5"],"state_sha256":"caae1de5dc6a190cad47846f1ec739d609c4ca4d27669746a207c480f8e91f65"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cj6ELUJDKHrrem5rZY2gmpM+mvFZxjzWQliO5RpKgirQVYHHzBvw4Yh79FZJX4x75VpE5ODW32CkeHruN2fNDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T05:52:52.245956Z","bundle_sha256":"ee02c4206e06f6da0e5afc47763ed0eb6c58aa5f7083b41a5202507f273f9cb5"}}