{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S","short_pith_number":"pith:MMTKAMUU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.14721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T20:32:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"04dd0d651ba7c5193d15bfbbb5c24bc115cd63c024d47dd84abdb42a5346136b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7c4e1870cab57ed4c2240492bc64eba1745231a255dd586362a3c8bf7f8db817"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6326a0329416d3c1393393821a5186fc8214db0d99c00cb817691ca176bacc52","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2406.14721","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.14721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.14721v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.14721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MMTKAMUUC3J4","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MMTKAMUUC3J4COJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MMTKAMUU","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.14721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T20:32:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"04dd0d651ba7c5193d15bfbbb5c24bc115cd63c024d47dd84abdb42a5346136b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7c4e1870cab57ed4c2240492bc64eba1745231a255dd586362a3c8bf7f8db817"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6326a0329416d3c1393393821a5186fc8214db0d99c00cb817691ca176bacc52","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07.404500Z","signature_b64":"oabmqjWmuHFkipeNKiu7wtXD/PzC7KEvp6Pg3XnsxdFMku7LzSmfH670NIFc8gqTSzJfqHHgYXmrkPEAcux+AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6326a0329416d3c1393393821a5186fc8214db0d99c00cb817691ca176bacc52","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07.403998Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07.403998Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2406.14721","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0xSfNn9PXmIMqxLqjfBpVBXC35pEEZ7cNVCwvvtEABXrww0f//MZLOFHVVzbd780uY2EokTuyqzIeImlp5cyCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:16:43.433612Z"},"content_sha256":"d4a484f40aec8e14d72538eb053d86260c77be7929e0a3929d450b8a17d1e9ee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d4a484f40aec8e14d72538eb053d86260c77be7929e0a3929d450b8a17d1e9ee"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"1+1>2: Can Large Language Models Serve as Cross-Lingual Knowledge Aggregators?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chenrui Fan, Lichao Sun, Siyuan Wu, Tianyi Zhou, Xiangliang Zhang, Yuan Li, Yue Huang","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T20:32:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in different languages, presenting challenges for further advancement. This paper introduces a method to enhance the multilingual performance of LLMs by aggregating knowledge from diverse languages. This approach incorporates a low-resource knowledge detector specific to a language, a language selection process, and mechanisms for answer replacement and integration"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.14721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2406.14721/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EvJfu6X9clXDXxt3q42EEZMHHoatBc+3D6z4ivS4zxDLXOu7POEW8hKCHvVCpQm1oMS+PARLbN5fZkuRbeBPBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:16:43.434367Z"},"content_sha256":"027b63c1a9b6bf93b87d5d44f4e9dde57ec624aba5e86f54c074b09424256074","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:027b63c1a9b6bf93b87d5d44f4e9dde57ec624aba5e86f54c074b09424256074"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T16:16:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:MMTKAMUUC3J4COJTSOBBUUMG7S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7c4e1870cab57ed4c2240492bc64eba1745231a255dd586362a3c8bf7f8db817","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T20:32:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"04dd0d651ba7c5193d15bfbbb5c24bc115cd63c024d47dd84abdb42a5346136b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.14721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.14721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.14721v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.14721","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MMTKAMUUC3J4","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MMTKAMUUC3J4COJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MMTKAMUU","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:027b63c1a9b6bf93b87d5d44f4e9dde57ec624aba5e86f54c074b09424256074","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2406.14721/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in different languages, presenting challenges for further advancement. This paper introduces a method to enhance the multilingual performance of LLMs by aggregating knowledge from diverse languages. This approach incorporates a low-resource knowledge detector specific to a language, a language selection process, and mechanisms for answer replacement and integration","authors_text":"Chenrui Fan, Lichao Sun, Siyuan Wu, Tianyi Zhou, Xiangliang Zhang, Yuan Li, Yue Huang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T20:32:53Z","title":"1+1>2: Can Large Language Models Serve as Cross-Lingual Knowledge Aggregators?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.14721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d4a484f40aec8e14d72538eb053d86260c77be7929e0a3929d450b8a17d1e9ee","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7c4e1870cab57ed4c2240492bc64eba1745231a255dd586362a3c8bf7f8db817","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-20T20:32:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"04dd0d651ba7c5193d15bfbbb5c24bc115cd63c024d47dd84abdb42a5346136b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.14721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6326a0329416d3c1393393821a5186fc8214db0d99c00cb817691ca176bacc52","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6326a0329416d3c1393393821a5186fc8214db0d99c00cb817691ca176bacc52","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07.403998Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07.403998Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oabmqjWmuHFkipeNKiu7wtXD/PzC7KEvp6Pg3XnsxdFMku7LzSmfH670NIFc8gqTSzJfqHHgYXmrkPEAcux+AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:07.404500Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2406.14721","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d4a484f40aec8e14d72538eb053d86260c77be7929e0a3929d450b8a17d1e9ee","sha256:027b63c1a9b6bf93b87d5d44f4e9dde57ec624aba5e86f54c074b09424256074"],"state_sha256":"d9c04714c4225d9cd3e11829ec859b8cffeac185bd906272e5cb677bcd37983a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"df12GMqu/Yw+f9HrRjvEF18mKpM3VARnh9tasQJ1H/NMI0/PnWVlgRuF18Z9b0xKlbRCqcTt5y3OjZ46CsIBAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:16:43.440385Z","bundle_sha256":"b907693883ef3fc24c5a974ec5d4f0e0b7cb30b88d9ddd901446b19ac2f024e9"}}