{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4","short_pith_number":"pith:MPGQS4BH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.03790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-03-12T16:06:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"a9d1fea7e4fb0231605d007151a15606a7fc3909a7452378b77562ba38f968b6","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4772685a58dd76847ec337ecbd4ff67fc820132de689c56f7d87e4d48bfb95b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"63cd0970276e9a8e871461df73e9410f232ffa14d57501626cc149b7c18bc124","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.03790","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.03790","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.03790v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.03790","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MPGQS4BHN2NI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MPGQS4BH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.03790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-03-12T16:06:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"a9d1fea7e4fb0231605d007151a15606a7fc3909a7452378b77562ba38f968b6","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4772685a58dd76847ec337ecbd4ff67fc820132de689c56f7d87e4d48bfb95b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"63cd0970276e9a8e871461df73e9410f232ffa14d57501626cc149b7c18bc124","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01.415716Z","signature_b64":"gTPZTXPWYLM40GQ7Fk3gEDXIRAmRpJP+/3SjsV2zxEVv62IlR1SV6mGRRUNw+8fzpJp0irl7Wg87aXAaeUTCDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"63cd0970276e9a8e871461df73e9410f232ffa14d57501626cc149b7c18bc124","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01.415084Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01.415084Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.03790","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GwzGqWeRh/V0l5zKtXcSoK8upII5+BfTn7RqdS4z33Q0lFZvRA0hRtxZLGPkZZpCK0u9Z+U1S54LELH3NGIdAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T14:11:11.948427Z"},"content_sha256":"9289941b84a3b342d253c5d34914b26947f0d64b3b3c76ae3b9fbd8e471a5172","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9289941b84a3b342d253c5d34914b26947f0d64b3b3c76ae3b9fbd8e471a5172"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Sound-Proof: Usable Two-Factor Authentication Based on Ambient Sound","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.HC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Claudio Marforio, Claudio Soriente, Nikolaos Karapanos, Srdjan Capkun","submitted_at":"2015-03-12T16:06:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Two-factor authentication protects online accounts even if passwords are leaked. Most users, however, prefer password-only authentication. One reason why two-factor authentication is so unpopular is the extra steps that the user must complete in order to log in. Currently deployed two-factor authentication mechanisms require the user to interact with his phone to, for example, copy a verification code to the browser. Two-factor authentication schemes that eliminate user-phone interaction exist, but require additional software to be deployed.\n  In this paper we propose Sound-Proof, a usable and"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.03790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2F5rxpUbbE8DL5TLQup8uifXWzkCav19SkwWL8htmI7ZVZm+1TIBgVcIyy+2CnfgjFLikrGf2svfmBIA8AIfCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T14:11:11.948787Z"},"content_sha256":"dcee5a797e4df5e7e6b3efe7149fbf5fd5efff1d82d4045b3a2fb1aa99709f64","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dcee5a797e4df5e7e6b3efe7149fbf5fd5efff1d82d4045b3a2fb1aa99709f64"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T14:11:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYUMHPXH2KBB4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4772685a58dd76847ec337ecbd4ff67fc820132de689c56f7d87e4d48bfb95b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-03-12T16:06:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9d1fea7e4fb0231605d007151a15606a7fc3909a7452378b77562ba38f968b6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.03790","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.03790","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.03790v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.03790","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MPGQS4BHN2NI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MPGQS4BHN2NI5BYU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MPGQS4BH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dcee5a797e4df5e7e6b3efe7149fbf5fd5efff1d82d4045b3a2fb1aa99709f64","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Two-factor authentication protects online accounts even if passwords are leaked. Most users, however, prefer password-only authentication. One reason why two-factor authentication is so unpopular is the extra steps that the user must complete in order to log in. Currently deployed two-factor authentication mechanisms require the user to interact with his phone to, for example, copy a verification code to the browser. Two-factor authentication schemes that eliminate user-phone interaction exist, but require additional software to be deployed.\n  In this paper we propose Sound-Proof, a usable and","authors_text":"Claudio Marforio, Claudio Soriente, Nikolaos Karapanos, Srdjan Capkun","cross_cats":["cs.HC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-03-12T16:06:59Z","title":"Sound-Proof: Usable Two-Factor Authentication Based on Ambient Sound"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.03790","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9289941b84a3b342d253c5d34914b26947f0d64b3b3c76ae3b9fbd8e471a5172","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4772685a58dd76847ec337ecbd4ff67fc820132de689c56f7d87e4d48bfb95b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-03-12T16:06:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9d1fea7e4fb0231605d007151a15606a7fc3909a7452378b77562ba38f968b6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.03790","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"63cd0970276e9a8e871461df73e9410f232ffa14d57501626cc149b7c18bc124","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"63cd0970276e9a8e871461df73e9410f232ffa14d57501626cc149b7c18bc124","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01.415084Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01.415084Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gTPZTXPWYLM40GQ7Fk3gEDXIRAmRpJP+/3SjsV2zxEVv62IlR1SV6mGRRUNw+8fzpJp0irl7Wg87aXAaeUTCDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:36:01.415716Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.03790","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9289941b84a3b342d253c5d34914b26947f0d64b3b3c76ae3b9fbd8e471a5172","sha256:dcee5a797e4df5e7e6b3efe7149fbf5fd5efff1d82d4045b3a2fb1aa99709f64"],"state_sha256":"f92606bd161d0df5c7a7a71816835740ef900c1d8b60f791bf234500224291b6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yioGYioFx9sqzVnc+mDqmRIxFYw11KyvHNcx/9nmCx3iBnqBiO2n+1nknhp/HEFGk+40r0Eq4qVZl7bSFz9JBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T14:11:11.950768Z","bundle_sha256":"5df80572bd4b1b3ec2ba39ae6b9340c61445ebefa37c409e81112d75222bcf9b"}}