{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK","short_pith_number":"pith:MPNCWUB3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.01223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-07-05T14:00:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c081075728234a843972859351e9c6cc2a4ab875288f37fc961aa8ad77bbdd82","abstract_canon_sha256":"e835dabc42161639d07f37c223813c9d81a9b3ac0715cde65aa6553b8cf3a0a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"63da2b503b7db63675ecf9ed946c6c4aad625dc801611b89126677d3f213fcd2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1507.01223","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.01223","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.01223v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.01223","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MPNCWUB3PW3D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MPNCWUB3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.01223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-07-05T14:00:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c081075728234a843972859351e9c6cc2a4ab875288f37fc961aa8ad77bbdd82","abstract_canon_sha256":"e835dabc42161639d07f37c223813c9d81a9b3ac0715cde65aa6553b8cf3a0a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"63da2b503b7db63675ecf9ed946c6c4aad625dc801611b89126677d3f213fcd2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53.025148Z","signature_b64":"7BHATpSOrws8KxozteGOANn28vzSx23RKSuVaQjybxG1+d4E3y4blE5mjDu8i/o6aPUy+8ONl7FQ8664XOsRAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"63da2b503b7db63675ecf9ed946c6c4aad625dc801611b89126677d3f213fcd2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53.024412Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53.024412Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1507.01223","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iM2h7MhpJGrU8+kmKp0yT3kukEP3YTNc/1Y3uHMwo8px7woCKg3n4ne7rvuAiQ5Ir2JL2A5CSuerCmE8xZSEAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T17:19:16.766066Z"},"content_sha256":"642a0ed50ae68df67934f148e4ab6267b3fa362650fd54d4bdd80dfc7f9a1caf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:642a0ed50ae68df67934f148e4ab6267b3fa362650fd54d4bdd80dfc7f9a1caf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Hall-Petch effect as a manifestation of the general size effect","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Andy J. Bushby, David J. Dunstan, Yuan Li","submitted_at":"2015-07-05T14:00:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"The experimental evidence for the Hall-Petch dependence of strength on the inverse square-root of grain size is reviewed critically. Both the classic data and more recent results are considered. While the data can be fitted to the inverse square-root dependence excellently (but using two free fitting parameters for each dataset), it is also consistent with a dependence on the simple inverse of grain size (with one free fitting parameter for each dataset). There have been difficulties, recognised for half-a-century, in explaining the inverse square-root expression. A Bayesian analysis shows tha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.01223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NA7mt9yYIe9/C7lYpYBHw8AwAAPC5hNt5kSs2FeJGUFrrd3MDtlHhPDx4VXEJzmhjfg4gIIrJafOTne98SW9Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T17:19:16.766924Z"},"content_sha256":"a84e76fd057b4e94aa0a206dc7a8c9910595f55918bd46387963bcbc96def333","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a84e76fd057b4e94aa0a206dc7a8c9910595f55918bd46387963bcbc96def333"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T17:19:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM7HWZI3DMJK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e835dabc42161639d07f37c223813c9d81a9b3ac0715cde65aa6553b8cf3a0a0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-07-05T14:00:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"c081075728234a843972859351e9c6cc2a4ab875288f37fc961aa8ad77bbdd82"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1507.01223","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.01223","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.01223v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.01223","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MPNCWUB3PW3D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MPNCWUB3PW3DM5PM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MPNCWUB3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a84e76fd057b4e94aa0a206dc7a8c9910595f55918bd46387963bcbc96def333","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The experimental evidence for the Hall-Petch dependence of strength on the inverse square-root of grain size is reviewed critically. Both the classic data and more recent results are considered. While the data can be fitted to the inverse square-root dependence excellently (but using two free fitting parameters for each dataset), it is also consistent with a dependence on the simple inverse of grain size (with one free fitting parameter for each dataset). There have been difficulties, recognised for half-a-century, in explaining the inverse square-root expression. A Bayesian analysis shows tha","authors_text":"Andy J. Bushby, David J. Dunstan, Yuan Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-07-05T14:00:39Z","title":"The Hall-Petch effect as a manifestation of the general size effect"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.01223","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:642a0ed50ae68df67934f148e4ab6267b3fa362650fd54d4bdd80dfc7f9a1caf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e835dabc42161639d07f37c223813c9d81a9b3ac0715cde65aa6553b8cf3a0a0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-07-05T14:00:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"c081075728234a843972859351e9c6cc2a4ab875288f37fc961aa8ad77bbdd82"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1507.01223","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"63da2b503b7db63675ecf9ed946c6c4aad625dc801611b89126677d3f213fcd2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"63da2b503b7db63675ecf9ed946c6c4aad625dc801611b89126677d3f213fcd2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53.024412Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53.024412Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7BHATpSOrws8KxozteGOANn28vzSx23RKSuVaQjybxG1+d4E3y4blE5mjDu8i/o6aPUy+8ONl7FQ8664XOsRAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:53.025148Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1507.01223","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:642a0ed50ae68df67934f148e4ab6267b3fa362650fd54d4bdd80dfc7f9a1caf","sha256:a84e76fd057b4e94aa0a206dc7a8c9910595f55918bd46387963bcbc96def333"],"state_sha256":"f3594c6fc4793d08ac9c4be9f4d9e3758f7a02c56a5bc021d3a7e0b2b4b509b5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+I7R/64vlaYa11OWqVfNKmevo7Wh+g2jyWxW9d/Pp25trP0nKjFg/OAqkVTfRREHmsZBa75TkTUgWTRs4MY3Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T17:19:16.771670Z","bundle_sha256":"a92ca192c3fe9df16e3364240e091d8673c791482ec5590648d39bdaf2a426a4"}}