{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J","short_pith_number":"pith:MQ23C5UR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.3785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2013-09-15T18:32:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d974180b4024cd64a27f8959812c47d876d9f0b81bae3097e5e396edbaa2c41","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ee4e42f5fec3c3701c7b1fa1c2b91b4155f70ddcd69868866617f2eef42a810"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6435b17691de7dc52ba5f5a9720254e268997bfa03b0d0a082c3eb56508c5390","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1309.3785","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.3785","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.3785v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.3785","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MQ23C5UR3Z64","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MQ23C5UR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.3785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2013-09-15T18:32:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d974180b4024cd64a27f8959812c47d876d9f0b81bae3097e5e396edbaa2c41","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ee4e42f5fec3c3701c7b1fa1c2b91b4155f70ddcd69868866617f2eef42a810"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6435b17691de7dc52ba5f5a9720254e268997bfa03b0d0a082c3eb56508c5390","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20.553990Z","signature_b64":"sS8ewfnVWe+oxoY8XbUVAgsoMRP5fmAM+0fWs/4s4x8xuY9ajTuj83MdN8WyWWSvGTeE1njTSmKhalhGkQuUDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6435b17691de7dc52ba5f5a9720254e268997bfa03b0d0a082c3eb56508c5390","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20.553349Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20.553349Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1309.3785","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3GsDL4bCxrJ2NFjjIIJqHUI1V2IcSB6y5sZV/AlPkE9VM2DTnteJSZP7pW2lks4B4yEWKOnF9Vku1GbwxHy+BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T13:02:41.679516Z"},"content_sha256":"d3cf4bd2e97732734baf0fcb60cbd694c729f82544c13079a055e17e5573c6b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d3cf4bd2e97732734baf0fcb60cbd694c729f82544c13079a055e17e5573c6b2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Energy Saving Techniques for Phase Change Memory (PCM)","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AR","authors_text":"Sparsh Mittal","submitted_at":"2013-09-15T18:32:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"In recent years, the energy consumption of computing systems has increased and a large fraction of this energy is consumed in main memory. Towards this, researchers have proposed use of non-volatile memory, such as phase change memory (PCM), which has low read latency and power; and nearly zero leakage power. However, the write latency and power of PCM are very high and this, along with limited write endurance of PCM present significant challenges in enabling wide-spread adoption of PCM. To address this, several architecture-level techniques have been proposed. In this report, we review severa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.3785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zM7L02z7+TGFoeRwUd3hxYBLvAl3TMQpukn1GOScQQonkjav3cDwfd2v32diCYXbLGjdTYlUsSFOD4tTTwcrBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T13:02:41.680130Z"},"content_sha256":"8ad4f6a89272a121401a4438d7dd390325a8449bb214c472cc3890ed57985dc9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8ad4f6a89272a121401a4438d7dd390325a8449bb214c472cc3890ed57985dc9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T13:02:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F6WUXEASU4J","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ee4e42f5fec3c3701c7b1fa1c2b91b4155f70ddcd69868866617f2eef42a810","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2013-09-15T18:32:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d974180b4024cd64a27f8959812c47d876d9f0b81bae3097e5e396edbaa2c41"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.3785","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.3785","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.3785v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.3785","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MQ23C5UR3Z64","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MQ23C5UR3Z64KK5F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MQ23C5UR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8ad4f6a89272a121401a4438d7dd390325a8449bb214c472cc3890ed57985dc9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In recent years, the energy consumption of computing systems has increased and a large fraction of this energy is consumed in main memory. Towards this, researchers have proposed use of non-volatile memory, such as phase change memory (PCM), which has low read latency and power; and nearly zero leakage power. However, the write latency and power of PCM are very high and this, along with limited write endurance of PCM present significant challenges in enabling wide-spread adoption of PCM. To address this, several architecture-level techniques have been proposed. In this report, we review severa","authors_text":"Sparsh Mittal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2013-09-15T18:32:21Z","title":"Energy Saving Techniques for Phase Change Memory (PCM)"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.3785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d3cf4bd2e97732734baf0fcb60cbd694c729f82544c13079a055e17e5573c6b2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ee4e42f5fec3c3701c7b1fa1c2b91b4155f70ddcd69868866617f2eef42a810","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AR","submitted_at":"2013-09-15T18:32:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d974180b4024cd64a27f8959812c47d876d9f0b81bae3097e5e396edbaa2c41"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.3785","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6435b17691de7dc52ba5f5a9720254e268997bfa03b0d0a082c3eb56508c5390","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6435b17691de7dc52ba5f5a9720254e268997bfa03b0d0a082c3eb56508c5390","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20.553349Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20.553349Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sS8ewfnVWe+oxoY8XbUVAgsoMRP5fmAM+0fWs/4s4x8xuY9ajTuj83MdN8WyWWSvGTeE1njTSmKhalhGkQuUDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:20.553990Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1309.3785","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d3cf4bd2e97732734baf0fcb60cbd694c729f82544c13079a055e17e5573c6b2","sha256:8ad4f6a89272a121401a4438d7dd390325a8449bb214c472cc3890ed57985dc9"],"state_sha256":"9c0218423495f2d419256dae4b3eb30988dcb32d6ed784e1b57cc7e971b08de3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UiY+pGgwLdngiCAFMzeRJ23fl9xaVKnXuhSJd38UJRhupvEQ6DYgRaGE7Qx1biWfZduBroajf8LDCQb6JcBZBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T13:02:41.683461Z","bundle_sha256":"78730e53dfa7f332e211bf416594833adabcbf869cb4f8366a6c75bf5bcca4a4"}}