{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4","short_pith_number":"pith:MRPORE7Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.01200","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-02T12:54:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"492abd4702de82a3c650b4f9c86aec45583c268eb170a3d8994b10e02533f76d","abstract_canon_sha256":"025e98fb40e795180a47ed90953148b0210a399b950a9bfdcecb5951021a5a75"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"645ee893f00d306904a8072dd3a7d33735e6782c9092597e7a2c26586be93545","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.01200","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.01200","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.01200v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.01200","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MRPORE7QBUYG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MRPORE7QBUYGSBFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MRPORE7Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.01200","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-02T12:54:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"492abd4702de82a3c650b4f9c86aec45583c268eb170a3d8994b10e02533f76d","abstract_canon_sha256":"025e98fb40e795180a47ed90953148b0210a399b950a9bfdcecb5951021a5a75"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"645ee893f00d306904a8072dd3a7d33735e6782c9092597e7a2c26586be93545","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15.279366Z","signature_b64":"uU07rskJIM66pJ+giwYQBG+DL93HmycZ6usjxrt2Mur9AB37Ar93aZqOsK8cTUrYgpQXCC9oRspjAMxO7lxgDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"645ee893f00d306904a8072dd3a7d33735e6782c9092597e7a2c26586be93545","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15.278772Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15.278772Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.01200","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NzaKzfVHCuOX/RTKTn65uPCbm7ZNYK7t1DlW/YleTAPZn1mO9O/eoZM/T4b8BPAma4WObUHjNHov9HrrRq4nBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T22:45:17.132423Z"},"content_sha256":"3696e20e04febef954cead6892770ce1f650ab7e158d4764d3ebeb120df34c91","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3696e20e04febef954cead6892770ce1f650ab7e158d4764d3ebeb120df34c91"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Continual Learning Under Language Shift","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Evangelia Gogoulou, Joakim Nivre, Magnus Boman, Timoth\\'ee Lesort","submitted_at":"2023-11-02T12:54:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"The recent increase in data and model scale for language model pre-training has led to huge training costs. In scenarios where new data become available over time, updating a model instead of fully retraining it would therefore provide significant gains. We study the pros and cons of updating a language model when new data comes from new languages -- the case of continual learning under language shift. Starting from a monolingual English language model, we incrementally add data from Danish, Icelandic, and Norwegian to investigate how forward and backward transfer effects depend on pre-trainin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.01200","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.01200/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fJzma/wfr6LIRX2huD1AkcWMmhpZSMgtRrYrT0N3O1u9aRoHsmwSuGRC6mZfGJVPj+R7ayz1Hp1rWmrQynwtCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T22:45:17.132823Z"},"content_sha256":"93ea34e1b1c7c2865193b6f46dbd8b6c8804b60965652b087328b553c2f408fb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:93ea34e1b1c7c2865193b6f46dbd8b6c8804b60965652b087328b553c2f408fb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T22:45:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:MRPORE7QBUYGSBFIA4W5HJ6TG4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"025e98fb40e795180a47ed90953148b0210a399b950a9bfdcecb5951021a5a75","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-02T12:54:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"492abd4702de82a3c650b4f9c86aec45583c268eb170a3d8994b10e02533f76d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.01200","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.01200","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.01200v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.01200","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MRPORE7QBUYG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MRPORE7QBUYGSBFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MRPORE7Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:93ea34e1b1c7c2865193b6f46dbd8b6c8804b60965652b087328b553c2f408fb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.01200/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The recent increase in data and model scale for language model pre-training has led to huge training costs. In scenarios where new data become available over time, updating a model instead of fully retraining it would therefore provide significant gains. We study the pros and cons of updating a language model when new data comes from new languages -- the case of continual learning under language shift. Starting from a monolingual English language model, we incrementally add data from Danish, Icelandic, and Norwegian to investigate how forward and backward transfer effects depend on pre-trainin","authors_text":"Evangelia Gogoulou, Joakim Nivre, Magnus Boman, Timoth\\'ee Lesort","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-02T12:54:50Z","title":"Continual Learning Under Language Shift"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.01200","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3696e20e04febef954cead6892770ce1f650ab7e158d4764d3ebeb120df34c91","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"025e98fb40e795180a47ed90953148b0210a399b950a9bfdcecb5951021a5a75","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-02T12:54:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"492abd4702de82a3c650b4f9c86aec45583c268eb170a3d8994b10e02533f76d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.01200","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"645ee893f00d306904a8072dd3a7d33735e6782c9092597e7a2c26586be93545","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"645ee893f00d306904a8072dd3a7d33735e6782c9092597e7a2c26586be93545","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15.278772Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15.278772Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uU07rskJIM66pJ+giwYQBG+DL93HmycZ6usjxrt2Mur9AB37Ar93aZqOsK8cTUrYgpQXCC9oRspjAMxO7lxgDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:15.279366Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.01200","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3696e20e04febef954cead6892770ce1f650ab7e158d4764d3ebeb120df34c91","sha256:93ea34e1b1c7c2865193b6f46dbd8b6c8804b60965652b087328b553c2f408fb"],"state_sha256":"11d0a09ddf8b04accad7849d87090f54376468551b3fe4eb42202702935f3503"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8ygJtwLepAQc70TBMXxSCQd+aj0DA/dlgfpxarLtvqDKxC6hmzOHfjjjxlv2pJt3m6XUIAZIrJ0gRIyFYbfCBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T22:45:17.135608Z","bundle_sha256":"1e766c67973de950ce7588c24f97867dec0749db73668747c2dd8f6a892b7b48"}}