{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ","short_pith_number":"pith:MRQEE2JE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.01495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-10-04T15:04:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"600eb989a72982341fc8de7560e9f840d93f208834367e9c12d5d0b932f83375","abstract_canon_sha256":"65388ff4be4811538d9e13e5068fce436c9f0f45528e4c404a2be1fab990355c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"64604269243f15190cd85b2daceb330e7164be1ae0de41e5d5c2693acc162191","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.01495","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.01495","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.01495v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.01495","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MRQEE2JEH4KR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MRQEE2JE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.01495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-10-04T15:04:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"600eb989a72982341fc8de7560e9f840d93f208834367e9c12d5d0b932f83375","abstract_canon_sha256":"65388ff4be4811538d9e13e5068fce436c9f0f45528e4c404a2be1fab990355c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"64604269243f15190cd85b2daceb330e7164be1ae0de41e5d5c2693acc162191","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56.299854Z","signature_b64":"4AWITDNP4hUCbf6GvyElrNvCwBOm0kvhg9qnJxzVtRHMZNBxRXv+ud03IQTOcMWWUQ8QfNu0D3hLZLRrgftGAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"64604269243f15190cd85b2daceb330e7164be1ae0de41e5d5c2693acc162191","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56.299440Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56.299440Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.01495","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UdU0+bU6BrC6IhRItqu18EciZ58WO0eD7PAfHgqlkY9QXTA47VS/12MHKNOhSC0JBzde3tPB/hQ+TDjtTyLsDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T20:08:46.870811Z"},"content_sha256":"d5a8033dfe09227219d10263b5863569d6cc3c6e88516fa258260b1884178e95","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d5a8033dfe09227219d10263b5863569d6cc3c6e88516fa258260b1884178e95"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Realizing Forward Defense in the Cyber Domain","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Adam Tse, Chad Meiners, Doug Stetson, Jeremy Kepner, Jonathan Bernays, Michael Jones, Peter Michaleas, Sandeep Pisharody, Vijay Gadepally","submitted_at":"2021-10-04T15:04:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the recognition of cyberspace as an operating domain, concerted effort is now being placed on addressing it in the whole-of-domain manner found in land, sea, undersea, air, and space domains. Among the first steps in this effort is applying the standard supporting concepts of security, defense, and deterrence to the cyber domain. This paper presents an architecture that helps realize forward defense in cyberspace, wherein adversarial actions are repulsed as close to the origin as possible. However, substantial work remains in making the architecture an operational reality including furthe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.01495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.01495/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7dgzrsm6boboxuqhKzF8bxHHe5K5YjZkWJOod7Wnh8zT9EbPVzL5kKunZe8zGFfG80usmlEhVN3KZW+SAzaeCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T20:08:46.871107Z"},"content_sha256":"968590d5f314954f460cdbfb0da7ee55fb7a55b2a9dd5386b085acc15d99c43a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:968590d5f314954f460cdbfb0da7ee55fb7a55b2a9dd5386b085acc15d99c43a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-31T20:08:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGYLMW2Z2ZTBZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65388ff4be4811538d9e13e5068fce436c9f0f45528e4c404a2be1fab990355c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-10-04T15:04:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"600eb989a72982341fc8de7560e9f840d93f208834367e9c12d5d0b932f83375"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.01495","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.01495","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.01495v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.01495","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MRQEE2JEH4KR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MRQEE2JEH4KRSDGY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MRQEE2JE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:968590d5f314954f460cdbfb0da7ee55fb7a55b2a9dd5386b085acc15d99c43a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.01495/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the recognition of cyberspace as an operating domain, concerted effort is now being placed on addressing it in the whole-of-domain manner found in land, sea, undersea, air, and space domains. Among the first steps in this effort is applying the standard supporting concepts of security, defense, and deterrence to the cyber domain. This paper presents an architecture that helps realize forward defense in cyberspace, wherein adversarial actions are repulsed as close to the origin as possible. However, substantial work remains in making the architecture an operational reality including furthe","authors_text":"Adam Tse, Chad Meiners, Doug Stetson, Jeremy Kepner, Jonathan Bernays, Michael Jones, Peter Michaleas, Sandeep Pisharody, Vijay Gadepally","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-10-04T15:04:53Z","title":"Realizing Forward Defense in the Cyber Domain"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.01495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d5a8033dfe09227219d10263b5863569d6cc3c6e88516fa258260b1884178e95","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65388ff4be4811538d9e13e5068fce436c9f0f45528e4c404a2be1fab990355c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2021-10-04T15:04:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"600eb989a72982341fc8de7560e9f840d93f208834367e9c12d5d0b932f83375"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.01495","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"64604269243f15190cd85b2daceb330e7164be1ae0de41e5d5c2693acc162191","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"64604269243f15190cd85b2daceb330e7164be1ae0de41e5d5c2693acc162191","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56.299440Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56.299440Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4AWITDNP4hUCbf6GvyElrNvCwBOm0kvhg9qnJxzVtRHMZNBxRXv+ud03IQTOcMWWUQ8QfNu0D3hLZLRrgftGAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:56.299854Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.01495","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d5a8033dfe09227219d10263b5863569d6cc3c6e88516fa258260b1884178e95","sha256:968590d5f314954f460cdbfb0da7ee55fb7a55b2a9dd5386b085acc15d99c43a"],"state_sha256":"670e418431804d47d4462ab220e582256df8694eefffdbcf355fdc8293d313f7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MixU5Ch2Nsl3bvhGnqYHF3vTRWfmGVptgDd4bXR/wiLF8cJc4YvffwvddmIXMXBt86JbkemIldEK4u8QQHT7Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T20:08:46.873878Z","bundle_sha256":"de49dcaa62f8f7b1b5ab9ba1e668d39440bb7d023776d3d85b91451ad1eceb58"}}