{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP","short_pith_number":"pith:MSZH2J6D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T04:48:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"63a2668d55518931c227a16f9f8bcdbdbb00688ff2133af5dfec8a2c6af136e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"32d69184324977456fd719929ee32cc6a0b28fcf0019f687de6ecdab0b0db283"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"64b27d27c32b964a65b19f863f95b943d09a28c191f54e5ae82dbdca142d0ae7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1103.2195","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.2195v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MSZH2J6DFOLE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MSZH2J6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T04:48:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"63a2668d55518931c227a16f9f8bcdbdbb00688ff2133af5dfec8a2c6af136e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"32d69184324977456fd719929ee32cc6a0b28fcf0019f687de6ecdab0b0db283"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"64b27d27c32b964a65b19f863f95b943d09a28c191f54e5ae82dbdca142d0ae7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.001692Z","signature_b64":"PzB/f7h/fbLIP83IExqRcYknd/QFl3pp2onaGqYqw4HZaYmRm1/ZKHaqAzrIIGIjJXASgkazK1YuhSw0RAKgDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"64b27d27c32b964a65b19f863f95b943d09a28c191f54e5ae82dbdca142d0ae7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.001232Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.001232Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1103.2195","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yHoL3wVxL8S4VU+O6RqtOpLEUm+rEjmTxiOWXqYPDSn+ylqx2lT9QCw9aGlLU1tYR8TdgZGSRED1H//Sog+UCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T19:14:09.983340Z"},"content_sha256":"4573c7ad595e95c89b00c01df296c68572647afcbd343ecadadef8745d15aa7e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4573c7ad595e95c89b00c01df296c68572647afcbd343ecadadef8745d15aa7e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An optical fusion gate for W-states","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Eiji Matsunaga, Masato Koashi, Nobuyuki Imoto, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Takashi Yamamoto, Toshiyuki Tashima","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T04:48:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a simple optical gate to fuse arbitrary size polarization entangled W-states to prepare larger W-states. The gate requires a polarizing beam splitter (PBS), a half wave plate (HWP) and two photon detectors. We study numerically and analytically the necessary resource consumption for preparing larger W-states by fusing smaller ones with the proposed fusion gate. We show analytically that resource requirement scales at most sub-exponentially with the increasing size of the state to be prepared. We numerically determine the resource cost for fusion without recycling where W-states of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YEstPQ9WwZfN/BPlA8IebkLe1bPhqnNPkwtYelYRstiq5egD34KB7AdfUX4iAe/tqoPhMwypaQltoNkGtys4BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T19:14:09.983876Z"},"content_sha256":"1822c4de8d44222b2a63ca90a6135bb9665303bad06d806f244af5e62b2d27c7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1822c4de8d44222b2a63ca90a6135bb9665303bad06d806f244af5e62b2d27c7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T19:14:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNRT6DD7FNZIP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"32d69184324977456fd719929ee32cc6a0b28fcf0019f687de6ecdab0b0db283","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T04:48:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"63a2668d55518931c227a16f9f8bcdbdbb00688ff2133af5dfec8a2c6af136e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.2195v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MSZH2J6DFOLE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MSZH2J6DFOLEUZNR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MSZH2J6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1822c4de8d44222b2a63ca90a6135bb9665303bad06d806f244af5e62b2d27c7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a simple optical gate to fuse arbitrary size polarization entangled W-states to prepare larger W-states. The gate requires a polarizing beam splitter (PBS), a half wave plate (HWP) and two photon detectors. We study numerically and analytically the necessary resource consumption for preparing larger W-states by fusing smaller ones with the proposed fusion gate. We show analytically that resource requirement scales at most sub-exponentially with the increasing size of the state to be prepared. We numerically determine the resource cost for fusion without recycling where W-states of","authors_text":"Eiji Matsunaga, Masato Koashi, Nobuyuki Imoto, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Takashi Yamamoto, Toshiyuki Tashima","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T04:48:25Z","title":"An optical fusion gate for W-states"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4573c7ad595e95c89b00c01df296c68572647afcbd343ecadadef8745d15aa7e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"32d69184324977456fd719929ee32cc6a0b28fcf0019f687de6ecdab0b0db283","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-03-11T04:48:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"63a2668d55518931c227a16f9f8bcdbdbb00688ff2133af5dfec8a2c6af136e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"64b27d27c32b964a65b19f863f95b943d09a28c191f54e5ae82dbdca142d0ae7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"64b27d27c32b964a65b19f863f95b943d09a28c191f54e5ae82dbdca142d0ae7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.001232Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.001232Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PzB/f7h/fbLIP83IExqRcYknd/QFl3pp2onaGqYqw4HZaYmRm1/ZKHaqAzrIIGIjJXASgkazK1YuhSw0RAKgDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:56.001692Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1103.2195","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4573c7ad595e95c89b00c01df296c68572647afcbd343ecadadef8745d15aa7e","sha256:1822c4de8d44222b2a63ca90a6135bb9665303bad06d806f244af5e62b2d27c7"],"state_sha256":"27c23ba26c30d2fb7a29103a2296eb5cf1c66536811d9716363959d7217b5670"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dZplVquojIKJswuj4fHzwe14pxx+1tLS9pkJr3nGzwiuFwYp7ER7gb+fYGYscN8BSnENR7iM+H9ZacY1kCMjDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T19:14:09.988272Z","bundle_sha256":"29bc779fe6712838a0f9f676ce87c706daf3c78834a053d0246ce0a92bf8b97f"}}