{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX","short_pith_number":"pith:MUAUJ2D6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0106145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-06-07T23:31:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5193f8e1752fc835abeb2980059c92c9133bb63c5b69d37d76ad0b1c0bd4f0b6","abstract_canon_sha256":"b33a12540d3470ed436e58015fe7ac21af37d06106dfb301d2411db13cb23976"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"650144e87e5b0c855f0d157610bc7035f3b573db563b02c69fd3b60bc7717b7d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0106145","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0106145","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0106145v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0106145","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MUAUJ2D6LMGI","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYN","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MUAUJ2D6","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0106145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-06-07T23:31:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5193f8e1752fc835abeb2980059c92c9133bb63c5b69d37d76ad0b1c0bd4f0b6","abstract_canon_sha256":"b33a12540d3470ed436e58015fe7ac21af37d06106dfb301d2411db13cb23976"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"650144e87e5b0c855f0d157610bc7035f3b573db563b02c69fd3b60bc7717b7d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30.603473Z","signature_b64":"LbyM511k2RS90F18LTOpcyt5uFC8osvofUMYbuM6X3nFRPI6IR2EqLJdxtOfC6vyWSXbhwHGlz6K848/c1LKDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"650144e87e5b0c855f0d157610bc7035f3b573db563b02c69fd3b60bc7717b7d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30.603052Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30.603052Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0106145","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XyoxI3E+jzgtBvA9EFwB3ELndkrP3QEheV21S+Y2pQ1JOGKJ2Qmxo1WrZJU/rgYuYHxVB5y8hr2T5qucY9WpBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T01:31:37.575777Z"},"content_sha256":"af4eccb2430e7438d548920e7039baff78e761b41912aa118f3decb2f675a1f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:af4eccb2430e7438d548920e7039baff78e761b41912aa118f3decb2f675a1f9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Constraining Cosmological Parameters Based on Relative Galaxy Ages","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb (Harvard), Raul Jimenez (Rutgers)","submitted_at":"2001-06-07T23:31:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose to use relative galaxy ages as a means of constraining cosmological parameters. By measuring the age difference between two ensembles of old galaxies at somewhat different redshifts, one could determine the derivative of redshift with respect to cosmic time, dz/dt. At high redshifts, z=1-2, this measurement would constrain the equation-of-state of the dark energy, while at low redshifts, z< 0.2, it would determine the Hubble constant, H_0. The selected galaxies need to be passively-evolving on a time much longer than their age difference."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0106145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0106145/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wsBo6AO/vEsx5MhIe54+NwwMAvpBG2DRBE7ze4nKNZ3BWZ1xsYJWtxxaAY5JpICP5QM4+sUaOTuXR1Xv9LcqDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T01:31:37.576605Z"},"content_sha256":"ba178913e318f23c47b2d0bdfa5a06b37d33e1c4cac48db1f082451be534374c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba178913e318f23c47b2d0bdfa5a06b37d33e1c4cac48db1f082451be534374c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T01:31:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYNCV3BBPDQGX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b33a12540d3470ed436e58015fe7ac21af37d06106dfb301d2411db13cb23976","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-06-07T23:31:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"5193f8e1752fc835abeb2980059c92c9133bb63c5b69d37d76ad0b1c0bd4f0b6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0106145","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0106145","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0106145v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0106145","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MUAUJ2D6LMGI","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MUAUJ2D6LMGIKXYN","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MUAUJ2D6","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ba178913e318f23c47b2d0bdfa5a06b37d33e1c4cac48db1f082451be534374c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0106145/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose to use relative galaxy ages as a means of constraining cosmological parameters. By measuring the age difference between two ensembles of old galaxies at somewhat different redshifts, one could determine the derivative of redshift with respect to cosmic time, dz/dt. At high redshifts, z=1-2, this measurement would constrain the equation-of-state of the dark energy, while at low redshifts, z< 0.2, it would determine the Hubble constant, H_0. The selected galaxies need to be passively-evolving on a time much longer than their age difference.","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb (Harvard), Raul Jimenez (Rutgers)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-06-07T23:31:44Z","title":"Constraining Cosmological Parameters Based on Relative Galaxy Ages"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0106145","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:af4eccb2430e7438d548920e7039baff78e761b41912aa118f3decb2f675a1f9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b33a12540d3470ed436e58015fe7ac21af37d06106dfb301d2411db13cb23976","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-06-07T23:31:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"5193f8e1752fc835abeb2980059c92c9133bb63c5b69d37d76ad0b1c0bd4f0b6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0106145","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"650144e87e5b0c855f0d157610bc7035f3b573db563b02c69fd3b60bc7717b7d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"650144e87e5b0c855f0d157610bc7035f3b573db563b02c69fd3b60bc7717b7d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30.603052Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30.603052Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LbyM511k2RS90F18LTOpcyt5uFC8osvofUMYbuM6X3nFRPI6IR2EqLJdxtOfC6vyWSXbhwHGlz6K848/c1LKDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:30.603473Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0106145","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:af4eccb2430e7438d548920e7039baff78e761b41912aa118f3decb2f675a1f9","sha256:ba178913e318f23c47b2d0bdfa5a06b37d33e1c4cac48db1f082451be534374c"],"state_sha256":"a149e2fb849c41d3e4fac6ced05722e6b5bfb5a2c42743c9cc845ce6411be9e1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qcg5hBLvkSUY8npjMV3jIlPUlJ+XZd+hyApae9vyZgRGi3B1wOzbYMBr9+eBjDj28lT+/Yzh5XC/0jhjxScgAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T01:31:37.601232Z","bundle_sha256":"e622891c4e5b5562cc3ca0d6975723326362f1eed54a5246bc448aeb6196f097"}}