{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC","short_pith_number":"pith:MVKO3L6E","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.02075","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-03-07T14:13:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2cdbf9dd39d17f69b9f4f6117ffdb8d72566386c7f5363a937161c123526e90b","abstract_canon_sha256":"a14849df21e901ead122fe9077dc96af7ed5f2c1d9ee167057ea9ced47fee868"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6554edafc41e56132fa8aede64e8e88092c150311bea5f8d984e93814fa19e7f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.02075","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.02075","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.02075v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.02075","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MVKO3L6EDZLB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MVKO3L6E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.02075","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-03-07T14:13:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2cdbf9dd39d17f69b9f4f6117ffdb8d72566386c7f5363a937161c123526e90b","abstract_canon_sha256":"a14849df21e901ead122fe9077dc96af7ed5f2c1d9ee167057ea9ced47fee868"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6554edafc41e56132fa8aede64e8e88092c150311bea5f8d984e93814fa19e7f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16.706495Z","signature_b64":"uBEA7N9c5eGM+zAzHuUjaszeiaHCJfvyREeUim73RCAFKqv2MXZac2yCRqIY2JKFZQUKXKYUXQryDheUtFJzBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6554edafc41e56132fa8aede64e8e88092c150311bea5f8d984e93814fa19e7f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16.706127Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16.706127Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.02075","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cV/rWLaXaBpR9iVT4gcRYZVOcXOHs6tMnLf+jAVxDEyyUNjQI4kEwznQTHRebtnh38R6FHMMvMD3JxgpS7gFCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:43:04.892490Z"},"content_sha256":"3212e198b25fa7a58ff8c5f305415d076fa7759b9813782feb1b5f0abff8b4aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3212e198b25fa7a58ff8c5f305415d076fa7759b9813782feb1b5f0abff8b4aa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A New Approach to Inverting Backscatter and Extinction from Photon-Limited Lidar Observations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Edwin E. Eloranta, Ralph E. Kuehn, Rebecca M. Willett, Robert E. Holz, Willem J. Marais, Yu Hen Hu","submitted_at":"2016-03-07T14:13:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Atmospheric lidar observations provide a unique capability to directly observe the vertical column of cloud and aerosol scattering properties. Detector and solar background noise, however, hinder the ability of lidar systems to provide reliable backscatter and extinction cross-section estimates. Standard methods for solving this inverse problem are most effective with high signal-to-noise ratio observations that are only available at low-resolution in uniform scenes. This paper describes a novel method for solving the inverse problem with high-resolution, lower signal-to-noise ratio observatio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.02075","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ksw5B2hdkhltslSTLiRgnNQbir0QR+mH02coyjAKqpg4LRYCmyoziEZxoEWQJ/8EJw6KslFbf3ZO+BNa/i3RAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:43:04.892842Z"},"content_sha256":"6cfd27c73edef40a35238df949a6ed701a9dba96a81c1b6f83fc16442da20a62","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6cfd27c73edef40a35238df949a6ed701a9dba96a81c1b6f83fc16442da20a62"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T07:43:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5IV3PGJ2HIQC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a14849df21e901ead122fe9077dc96af7ed5f2c1d9ee167057ea9ced47fee868","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-03-07T14:13:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"2cdbf9dd39d17f69b9f4f6117ffdb8d72566386c7f5363a937161c123526e90b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.02075","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.02075","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.02075v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.02075","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MVKO3L6EDZLB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MVKO3L6EDZLBGL5I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MVKO3L6E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6cfd27c73edef40a35238df949a6ed701a9dba96a81c1b6f83fc16442da20a62","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Atmospheric lidar observations provide a unique capability to directly observe the vertical column of cloud and aerosol scattering properties. Detector and solar background noise, however, hinder the ability of lidar systems to provide reliable backscatter and extinction cross-section estimates. Standard methods for solving this inverse problem are most effective with high signal-to-noise ratio observations that are only available at low-resolution in uniform scenes. This paper describes a novel method for solving the inverse problem with high-resolution, lower signal-to-noise ratio observatio","authors_text":"Edwin E. Eloranta, Ralph E. Kuehn, Rebecca M. Willett, Robert E. Holz, Willem J. Marais, Yu Hen Hu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-03-07T14:13:55Z","title":"A New Approach to Inverting Backscatter and Extinction from Photon-Limited Lidar Observations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.02075","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3212e198b25fa7a58ff8c5f305415d076fa7759b9813782feb1b5f0abff8b4aa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a14849df21e901ead122fe9077dc96af7ed5f2c1d9ee167057ea9ced47fee868","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-03-07T14:13:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"2cdbf9dd39d17f69b9f4f6117ffdb8d72566386c7f5363a937161c123526e90b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.02075","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"6554edafc41e56132fa8aede64e8e88092c150311bea5f8d984e93814fa19e7f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6554edafc41e56132fa8aede64e8e88092c150311bea5f8d984e93814fa19e7f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16.706127Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16.706127Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uBEA7N9c5eGM+zAzHuUjaszeiaHCJfvyREeUim73RCAFKqv2MXZac2yCRqIY2JKFZQUKXKYUXQryDheUtFJzBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:16.706495Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.02075","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3212e198b25fa7a58ff8c5f305415d076fa7759b9813782feb1b5f0abff8b4aa","sha256:6cfd27c73edef40a35238df949a6ed701a9dba96a81c1b6f83fc16442da20a62"],"state_sha256":"eb6390d2fe50a2023637c1bceab1d0a601c653b15f658e7dbff771624451fa9b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YP4ZF3uK/EHRT/89EeAIRE3KiEhBRHgvBAMTP2ZUy9MSZtrO7+Xzf8l5V7YL5b8ztO1I3sFEr1Mzc5hByF4JAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:43:04.894804Z","bundle_sha256":"7cac5d2e0a0df6101e020463071f3d6384751d7a14a885f0eb96dbc12a11a6d6"}}