{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2013:MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW","short_pith_number":"pith:MXVQE3E6","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"65eb026c9e54fa33062776510eafe79db084d10df0f541045c896c4418ee801d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.1552","version":4},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Breaking the energy-bandwidth limit of electro-optic modulators: theory and a device proposal","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Hongtao Lin, Jifeng Liu, Juejun Hu, Jurgen Michel, Lin Zhang, Okechukwu Ogbuu","submitted_at":"2013-04-04T20:07:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we quantitatively analyzed the trade-off between energy per bit for switching and modulation bandwidth of classical electro-optic modulators. A formally simple energy-bandwidth limit (Eq. 10) is derived for electro-optic modulators based on intra-cavity index modulation. To overcome this limit, we propose a dual cavity modulator device which uses a coupling modulation scheme operating at high bandwidth (> 200 GHz) not limited by cavity photon lifetime and simultaneously features an ultra-low switching energy of 0.26 aJ, representing over three orders of magnitude energy consumpt"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.1552","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2013-04-04T20:07:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9e111c04c77f910cc2c3c838379730a3bc0245ac8c783caa11d1d86ad6a9c57c","abstract_canon_sha256":"cbace716fdd44ebb5508add5f8a028f4c36849d1dbb57c94c0895b80a398164d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.177439Z","signature_b64":"iW/NT8yaQVWwyslf4+f9v3MuKWy5ce8eKg5SWdu6Ef0mC6H6IlAGiDREa7wB4rTn/dPC3VPTEwN4d8CAxlCICQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"65eb026c9e54fa33062776510eafe79db084d10df0f541045c896c4418ee801d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.176732Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.176732Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Breaking the energy-bandwidth limit of electro-optic modulators: theory and a device proposal","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Hongtao Lin, Jifeng Liu, Juejun Hu, Jurgen Michel, Lin Zhang, Okechukwu Ogbuu","submitted_at":"2013-04-04T20:07:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we quantitatively analyzed the trade-off between energy per bit for switching and modulation bandwidth of classical electro-optic modulators. A formally simple energy-bandwidth limit (Eq. 10) is derived for electro-optic modulators based on intra-cavity index modulation. To overcome this limit, we propose a dual cavity modulator device which uses a coupling modulation scheme operating at high bandwidth (> 200 GHz) not limited by cavity photon lifetime and simultaneously features an ultra-low switching energy of 0.26 aJ, representing over three orders of magnitude energy consumpt"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.1552","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.1552","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.176822+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.1552v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.176822+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.1552","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.176822+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MXVQE3E6KT5D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52.871228+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52.871228+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MXVQE3E6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52.871228+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW","json":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MXVQE3E6"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/MXVQE3E6","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1304.1552&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/MXVQE3E6KT5DGBRHOZIQ5L7HTW/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.176822+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:26.176822+00:00"}